Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-duk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*-dük
*-tuk
*-tük

Suffix

*-duk

Suffix creating perfect participles from verbs
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*sebdük (“loved”)

Usage notes

Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;
‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*öltük (“dead”)
In most descendents, it's usually used with possessive suffixes, this creates verbal participles.
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*sebdüküm (“the one I love”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: -رُوى (-ruwi) (<*dugı<*duk-ı), -طُوي (-tuwi) (<*tugı<*tuk-ı)
  - Chuvash: -тӗ (-tĕ), -рӗ (-rĕ), -тӑ (-tă), -рӑ (-ră)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-duk)
  - Azerbaijani: -dıyı
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Gagauz:
    - Turkish: -dık, -dik
- Turkmen: -dyk, -dik
- Salar:
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (-duk)

References

Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası‎, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 30
Teki̇n, Talât (1997) “Eski Türkçedeki {-dOk} İsim-Fiil Eki Üzerine”, in Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, number 47, pages 371–377
Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dOk”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 293
Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 105

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