< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öküŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *höküŕ

Etymology

Argued to be borrowed from Proto-Tocharian *wəkʷsó (“draft-ox”),[1] yet this is disputed.[2] Alternatively a Wanderwort.[3]

Without taking a side in the debate, it should be noted that Proto-Uralic *uškɜ (“ox, bull”) might be accepted as being derived from PIE, per the sources on the PIE root's page. This is relevant because geographically, Proto-Uralic would have been spoken somewhere between PIE and Proto-Turkic.

Noun

*öküŕ

  1. ox, bull

Declension
Declension of *öküŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *öküŕ
Accusative *öküŕni, *öküŕüg 4), *öküŕnig 1)
Genitive *öküŕniŋ
Dative *öküŕke
Locative *öküŕte
Ablative *öküŕten
Allative *öküŕgerü
Instrumental 2) *öküŕün
Equative 2) *öküŕče
Similative 2) *öküŕleyü
Comitative 2) *öküŕlügü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur: *ökür[2]
    • Chuvash: вӑкӑр (văk̬ăr)
    • → Hungarian: ökör (“ox”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕 (öküz)
  • Karakhanid: اُكُوزْ (ökǖz)
  • Karluk: *öküz
  • Kipchak: *ögüz
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: oküz, ögüz
      • Karachay-Balkar: ёгюз (ögüz)
      • Kumyk: ёгюз (yogüz)
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak: ögiz
        • Kazakh: өгіз (ögız)
        • Nogai: оьгиз (ögiz)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Oghuz: *öküz
  • Siberian:
    • Western Yugur: [script needed] (kus)
      • North Siberian:
        • Dolgan: оғус (ogus)
        • Yakut: оҕус (oğus)
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *hükär (“ox”)
    • Buryat: үхэр (üxer, “cattle”)
    • Daur: xukur
    • Middle Mongol: [script needed] (hüker)
      • Mongolian: үхэр (üxer, “cattle”)
    • → Even: хөкэн (hökən), хөкөн (hökön, “cow”)
    • → Evenki: [script needed] (uxur), хукур (hukur, “cow”)

References
  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “öküz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 120
  2. Doerfer, Gerhard (1963) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎ (in German), volume 1, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 539
  3. Güntert, Anders H; Festschrift Fr. Panzer 10
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