< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xotěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From or related to *xvatati (“to grasp, catch, grab”). For semantics shift compare Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, grasp, grab”) : Latvian gribēt (“to want”).

Reconstruction notes

Kortlandt[1] suggests that the verb was generalized from the archaic optative (athematic and ablauting, with secondary endings). According to him, the indicative was innovated and was assigned fixed accent (ind. 1p. sg. *xòťǫ : 1p. pl. *xòťemъ) while the imperative, which continues the PIE optative, had the inherited mobile accent (imp. 1p. sg. *xȍťǫ : 1p. pl. *xoťímъ).

Verb

*xъtě̀ti impf[1][2][3]

  1. to want, to wish
  2. to be about to

Conjugation

This verb is found in two variants, with *xot- and *xъt-. The inflection probably contained both stems in alternation; however, the original distribution is disputed. In modern languages, the two stems are treated as separate lemmas.

Conjugation of *xotěti, *xotě, *xoťetь (impf., irregular -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*xotěnьje *xotěti *xotětъ *xotělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *xotěnъ *xotimъ
Active *xotěvъ *xotę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *xotěxъ*xotě*xotě *xoťǫ*xoť(eš)i*xoťetь
Dual *xotěxově*xotěsta*xotěste *xoťevě*xoťeta*xoťete
Plural *xotěxomъ*xotěste*xotěšę *xoťemъ*xoťete*xotętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *xotěaxъ*xotěaše*xotěaše —*xoťi*xoťi
Dual *xotěaxově*xotěašeta*xotěašete *xoťivě*xoťita—
Plural *xotěaxomъ*xotěašete*xotěaxǫ *xoťimъ*xoťite—

In most languages levelled out into:

Conjugation of *xotěti, *xotě, *xoťetь (impf., -ě/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*xotěnьje *xotěti *xotětъ *xotělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *xotěnъ *xoťemъ
Active *xotěvъ *xoťę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *xotěxъ*xotě*xotě *xoťǫ*xoťeši*xoťetь
Dual *xotěxově*xotěsta*xotěste *xoťevě*xoťeta*xoťete
Plural *xotěxomъ*xotěste*xotěšę *xoťemъ*xoťete*xoťǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *xotěaxъ*xotěaše*xotěaše —*xoťi*xoťi
Dual *xotěaxově*xotěašeta*xotěašete *xoťivě*xoťita—
Plural *xotěaxomъ*xotěašete*xotěaxǫ *xoťimъ*xoťite—
  • *poxota (“avidity”)
  • *xǫtь (“will, desire, willingness”)

Descendants

West Slavic and Bulgarian, Macedonian have generalized the stem *xъt-, while East Slavic has generalized *xot-. Ukrainian and Slovene preserve both as independent verbs, but only the latter form is standard and still widely used. Serbo-Croatian preserves both stems alternating within a single paradigm; possibly an archaism.

References
  1. Kortlandt, Frederik (1978) “Towards a reconstruction of the Balto-Slavic verbal system”, in Lingua‎, volume 49: “2. Slavic xoštǫ and PIE optative”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “xotěti: xotjǫ xotjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (prs., ipv.) / c (andre former) ville (PR 137, 139)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “hoteti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. verjetno *xъtě̋ti, sed. *x(v)ot'ǫ̋”

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xotěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 83
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xъtěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “хотеть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 353
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хотеть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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