< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫča

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *tenH- (“to contract, to stretch”), akin to Lithuanian tánkus (“thick”), Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz (“tight, dense”).

Noun

*tǫ̀ča f[1][2]

  1. (perhaps originally[2]) condensation, cumulation, thickening
  2. (by abstraction) precipitation
    → downpour, inundation, storm (South Slavic)
    → rainy cloud (East Slavic)
    Synonym: *xmara
    → rainbow (West Slavic)
    Synonym: *dǫga

Declension
Declension of *tǫča (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *tǫča *tǫ̀či *tǫ̀čę̇
genitive *tǫ̀čę̇ *tǫ̀ču *tǫ̀čь
dative *tǫ̀čī *tǫ̀čama *tǫ̀čāmъ
accusative *tǫ̀čǫ *tǫ̀či *tǫ̀čę̇
instrumental *tǫ̀čējǫ, *tǫ̀čǭ* *tǫ̀čama *tǫ̀čāmī
locative *tǫ̀čī *tǫ̀ču *tǫ̀čāsъ
vocative *tǫ̀če *tǫ̀či *tǫ̀čę̇
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *tǫčiti (sę) (“to precipitate”)
  • *tǫčьnъ (“abundant, copious”)
  • *tękati, *tęknǫti (“to captivate, to excite”)
  • *tękъ (“appetite, captivation”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ту́ча (túča)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: тѫча (tǫča)
      Glagolitic script: ⱅⱘⱍⰰ (tǫča)
    • Bulgarian: ту́ча (túča), тъ́нча (tǎ́nča) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ту̏ча
      Latin script: tȕča
    • Slovene: tọ́ča (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polabian: tǫco
    • Old Polish: tęcza
    • Kashubian: tãga
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: tuca
      • ⇒ Upper Sorbian: tučel, tučatka

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “туча”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • “tankus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “tǫča”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “tọča”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tǫ̋ča”
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