< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stъpica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Per Iljinsky, Uhlenbeck (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): related to Latvian stups (“broom”), Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”) (< stùplas (“rigid, stiff”)), presumably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas + *-ica. Vasmer further correlates dialectal Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”) (< *stъpъka). If correct, probably cognate with Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”), Old Norse stúfr (“stump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”).

Some of the descendants have been influenced/merged with closely sounding Germanic borrowings (cf. German Spitze (“tip, skewer”), Speiche (“spoke”); Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)).

Noun

*stъpìca f[1]

  1. spoke of wheel
  2. (secondary) needle, pin

Declension
Declension of *stъpìca (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *stъpìca *stъpìci *stъpìcę̇
genitive *stъpìcę̇ *stъpìcu *stъpìcь
dative *stъpìcī *stъpìcama *stъpìcāmъ
accusative *stъpìcǫ *stъpìci *stъpìcę̇
instrumental *stъpìcējǫ, *stъpìcǭ* *stъpìcama *stъpìcāmī
locative *stъpìcī *stъpìcu *stъpìcāsъ
vocative *stъpìce *stъpìci *stъpìcę̇
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica) (XII cent.)
      • Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)
      • Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)
      • Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: stpicě
    • Old Polish: stpica
    • Slovak: sрiса
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Albanian: shpicë
    • → Romanian: spiță

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “špíca¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *stьpi̋ca [ali] *stъpi̋ca”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “спица”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стопка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “спица”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 391
  • “stuplas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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