< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sьčava

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • (sorrel): *sьčavъ m, *sьčavь m, *sьčavьjь m, *sьčьjь m, *sьčavьľь m, *sьčaľь m, *sьčakъ m, *sьčavьje n, *sьčaga f, *sьčagъľь m
  • (tanning liquor): possibly already *sьčavina

Etymology

From *sьkati, *sьcati (“to piss”), because one tanned with urine, +‎ *-ava.

Noun

*sьčava f

  1. tanning liquor
  2. juice from any plant under the condition that it is somehow pungent
  3. sorrel, dock

Inflection
Declension of *sьčava (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *sьčava *sьčavě *sьčavy
genitive *sьčavy *sьčavu *sьčavъ
dative *sьčavě *sьčavama *sьčavamъ
accusative *sьčavǫ *sьčavě *sьčavy
instrumental *sьčavojǫ, *sьčavǫ** *sьčavama *sьčavami
locative *sьčavě *sьčavu *sьčavasъ, *sьčavaxъ*
vocative *sьčavo *sьčavě *sьčavy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *sьčavьnъ (“sour, pungent, tanning”)
    • Old East Slavic: щавьныи (ščavĭnyi, “sour”)[1]
      • Middle Russian: щавьнь (ščavʹnʹ, “sour”) (15-17ᵗʰ cent.)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: шча́ўе (ščáŭje, “sorrel”); шчаў (ščaŭ), шчагу́н (ščahún) (dialectal)
    • Russian: ща́ве́ль (ščávélʹ, “sorrel”); щаве́й (ščavéj) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: щаве́ль (ščavélʹ, “sorrel”); ща́ва́ (ščává), щаве́й (ščavéj), щаві́й (ščavíj), ща́вка (ščávka), щаву́х (ščavúx), щав'я́н (ščavʺján), ща́ва́ (ščává, “also means a kind of sour liquid for preparing clothes for dyeing and sour mineral water”) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: щавъ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)
      Glagolitic script: ⱋⰰⰲⱏ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)
    • Bulgarian: ща́ва (štáva, “tanning liquor, tanning acid”), also щавина (štavina, “sorrel”) in this meaning, щаве́л (štavél, “sorrel”), and ще́ва (štéva) is an unidentified kind of poisonous plant
    • Macedonian: штава (štava, “tanning liquor”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Latin script: štȁva, štȁvina (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), štávalj, štávelj; štav, štavje, ščavje, šćavlje, štavlje, štavlja, štavljak, staglina, šavje (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
      Cyrillic script: шта̏ва, шта̏вина (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), шта́ваљ, шта́вељ; штав, штавје, шчавје, шћавље, штавље, штавља, штављак, стаглина, шавје (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
    • Slovene: ščȃv, ščávje (“sorrel”), ščáva (“sorrel; swill, slops, pig fodder”), ščávəlj (“sorrel”), ščȃvje (“sorrel”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: ščáva
      • Czech: šťáva (“sap, juice, gravy”), also šťava, šťavina in this meaning, šťavel (“oxalis”), šťovík (“sorrel”)
    • Old Polish: szczaw
      • Polish: szczaw (“sorrel”) of which the genitive is soft szczawiu, szczawa (“sour natural mineral water”), szczawik (“sorrel; oxalis”), szczal, szczagiel, szczój (“sorrel”), szczel (“urine”)
    • Slovak: šťáva, šťava (“sap, juice”), štiava (“sap; sorrel”), šťav, štiav, štiaľ, ščav (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
      • → Hungarian: csáva (“tanning liquor”)
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: ščava (“sorrel”), ščåle pl (“human urine”)
      • Slovincian: szczawa (“whey; sorrel”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: šćaw (“sorrel”)
      • Upper Sorbian: šćehel (“sorrel”)

References
  • Boryś, Wiesław (1976) Etymologie słowiańskie i polskie. Wybór studiów z okazji 45-lecia pracy naukowej‎ (in Polish), Warsaw: Slawistyczny ośrodek wydawniczy, published 2007, →ISBN, pages 53–70 = Rocznik Slawistyczny XXXVII, pages 47–63
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “ща́ва́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  1. Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “щавьныи”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1605
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