Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęstь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.

Noun

*pę̑stь f

fist

Declension

Declension of *pęstь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pęstь	*pęsti	*pęsti
genitive	*pęsti	pęstьju, pęsťu^*	pęstьjь, pęsti^*
dative	*pęsti	*pęstьma	*pęstьmъ
accusative	*pęstь	*pęsti	*pęsti
instrumental	pęstьjǫ, pęsťǫ^*	*pęstьma	*pęstьmi
locative	*pęsti	pęstьju, pęsťu^*	*pęstьxъ
vocative	*pęsti	*pęsti	*pęsti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

Old Church Slavonic: пѧсть (pęstĭ) (Serbian recension)

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: пясць (pjascʹ)
- Russian: пясть (pjastʹ)
  - ⇒ Russian: запя́стье (zapjástʹje)
- Ukrainian: п'ясть (pʺjastʹ)
  - ⇒ Ukrainian: зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja)
  - ⇒ Ukrainian: п'я́сток (pʺjástok)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian:
  - ⇒ Bulgarian: пестни́к (pestník), песни́к (pesník)
- Macedonian:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: пе̏ст
  
  Latin: pȅst
  ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: pèsnica
  
  ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: пѐсница
- Slovene: pest
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: pěst
  - Czech: pěst
- Kashubian: pisc
- Polish: pięść
- Polabian: pąst
- Slovak: päsť
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: pěsć
  - Upper Sorbian: pjasć

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пясть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pęstь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 399

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