< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/malъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mṓˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”), possibly Latin malus (“bad”).

Adjective

*màlъ (comparative *mьňьjь)[1][2][3]

  1. small, petite (of size)
  2. little, short, brief (of quantity, duration)

Declension
Indefinite declension of *malъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *malъ *mala *malo
genitive *mala *maly *mala
dative *malu *malě *malu
accusative *malъ *malǫ *malo
instrumental *malomь *malojǫ *malomь
locative *malě *malě *malě
vocative *male *malo *malo
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *mala *malě *malě
genitive *malu *malu *malu
dative *maloma *malama *maloma
accusative *mala *malě *malě
instrumental *maloma *malama *maloma
locative *malu *malu *malu
vocative *mala *malě *malě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *mali *maly *mala
genitive *malъ *malъ *malъ
dative *malomъ *malamъ *malomъ
accusative *maly *maly *mala
instrumental *maly *malami *maly
locative *malěxъ *malaxъ *malěxъ
vocative *mali *maly *mala
Definite declension of *malъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *malъjь *malaja *maloje
genitive *malajego *malyję̇ *malajego
dative *malujemu *malěji *malujemu
accusative *malъjь *malǫjǫ *maloje
instrumental *malyjimь *malǫjǫ *malyjimь
locative *malějemь *malěji *malějemь
vocative *malъjь *malaja *maloje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *malaja *malěji *malěji
genitive *maluju *maluju *maluju
dative *malyjima *malyjima *malyjima
accusative *malaja *malěji *malěji
instrumental *malyjima *malyjima *malyjima
locative *maluju *maluju *maluju
vocative *malaja *malěji *malěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *maliji *malyję̇ *malaja
genitive *malъjixъ *malъjixъ *malъjixъ
dative *malyjimъ *malyjimъ *malyjimъ
accusative *malyję̇ *malyję̇ *malaja
instrumental *malyjimi *malyjimi *malyjimi
locative *malyjixъ *malyjixъ *malyjixъ
vocative *maliji *malyję̇ *malaja

Antonyms

Derived terms
Verbs
  • *malěti
  • *maliti
Agent nouns
  • *malešь
  • *malęga
  • *malękъ
  • *malica
  • *maličь
  • *malikъ
  • *malьcь
  • *malьčikъ
  • *malunъ
  • *malušь
  • *maľakъ
  • *maľukъ
Diminutive nouns
Abstract nouns
  • *maležь
  • *maliga
  • *malizna
  • *malь
  • *malьstvo
  • *maloňa
  • *malostь
  • *malota
  • *maloxa
  • *malyga
  • *maľava
  • *maľuta
Secondary adjectives
  • *malenъ
  • *malenъkъ
  • *malinъ
  • *malьnъ
  • *malьznъ
  • *malovatъ
  • *malovitъ
  • *malovъ
  • *malъkъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: малъ (malŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: малы́й (malýj)
      • Russian: ма́лый (mályj), мало́й (malój)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: малъ (malŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⰾⱏ (malŭ)
    • Bulgarian: мал (mal) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: мал (mal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ма̑л
      Latin: mȃl
    • Slovene: mȃli (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*màlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 300: “adj. o (a) ‘small, little’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “malъ mala malo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 107, 188; PR 133; MP 22)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “mali”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *malъ̏ (določna oblika *málъjь)”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ма́лый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*malъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 17 (*lъžь – *matješьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “мал¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 662
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