< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/měniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *měna (“change, exchange”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*měnìti[1][2]

  1. to change, to exchange
Inflection
Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*měňenьje *měniti *měnitъ *měnilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *měňenъ *měnimъ
Active *měňь *měnę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *měnixъ*měni*měni *měňǫ*měniši*měnitь
Dual *měnixově*měnista*měniste *měnivě*měnita*měnite
Plural *měnixomъ*měniste*měnišę *měnimъ*měnite*měnętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *měňaaxъ*měňaaše*měňaaše —*měni*měni
Dual *měňaaxově*měňaašeta*měňaašete *měnivě*měnita—
Plural *měňaaxomъ*měňaašete*měňaaxǫ *měnimъ*měnite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • *měna (“change, exchange”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti, “to exchange”) (15th century)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: мѣнитъ (měnitŭ, 3sg. pres.)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: меня́ (menjá)
    • Macedonian: мени (meni)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: мијѐнити
      Latin script: mijèniti
    • Slovene: menīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: měniti
    • Old Polish: mienić
    • Slovak: meniť sa
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: mienic
      • Slovincian: mjênic
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: měnić
      • Lower Sorbian: měniś
Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ме́на”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 522
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “меня́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*mei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 426
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173

Etymology 2

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, to think”) (whence German meinen (“to mean”), English mean, etc.), Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”). Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *meyn-. Per Derksen, quoting Kluge-Seebold,[3] possibly related to *měniti (“to change”), with an original meaning "to consequentively present one's meaning".

Verb

*měnìti[4][5]

  1. to think
Inflection
Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*měňenьje *měniti *měnitъ *měnilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *měňenъ *měnimъ
Active *měňь *měnę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *měnixъ*měni*měni *měňǫ*měniši*měnitь
Dual *měnixově*měnista*měniste *měnivě*měnita*měnite
Plural *měnixomъ*měniste*měnišę *měnimъ*měnite*měnętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *měňaaxъ*měňaaše*měňaaše —*měni*měni
Dual *měňaaxově*měňaašeta*měňaašete *měnivě*měnita—
Plural *měňaaxomъ*měňaašete*měňaaxǫ *měnimъ*měnite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti) (12th–13th century)
      • Ukrainian: м'іни́ти (mʺinýty) (dialectal)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: поміни́ти (pominýty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: мѣнити (měniti)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ме́нити, мијѐнити (regional)
      Latin: méniti, mijèniti (regional)
    • Slovene: menīti, mẹ́niti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: mieniti
    • Polish: mienić
    • Slovak: mieniť
    • Slovincian: mjìe̯nĭc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: měnić
      • Lower Sorbian: mjěniś, měniś
Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, pages 174-175

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*měniti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 311: “v. (c) ‘change, exchange’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “měniti: měnjǫ měnitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blande (PR 140)”
  3. Friedrich Kluge (1995) “Proto-Slavic/měniti”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 23rd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 551.
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*měniti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 312: “v. ‘think’”
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016) “menīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*měni̋ti”
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