< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kūˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate with Sanskrit चोदति (códati, “to impel”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to shove”), English shoot, perhaps Albanian hedh (“to throw”). Per Derksen, the lengthened root vowel reflects Winter's law. Vasmer additionally includes Latvian kûdinât, kûdît (“to urge, to drive”), German hutzen (“to urge”), Sanskrit स्कुन्दते (skúndate, “to hurry”).

Verb

*kỳdati impf (perfective *kydnǫti)[1][2][3]

  1. to throw, to fling

Inflection
Conjugation of *kydati, *kyda, *kydajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kydanьje *kydati *kydatъ *kydalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kydanъ *kydajemъ
Active *kydavъ *kydaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kydaxъ*kyda*kyda *kydajǫ*kydaješi*kydajetь
Dual *kydaxově*kydasta*kydaste *kydajevě*kydajeta*kydajete
Plural *kydaxomъ*kydaste*kydašę *kydajemъ*kydajete*kydajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kydaaxъ*kydaaše*kydaaše —*kydaji*kydaji
Dual *kydaaxově*kydaašeta*kydaašete *kydajivě*kydajita—
Plural *kydaaxomъ*kydaašete*kydaaxǫ *kydajimъ*kydajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙑдати (kydati), кидати (kidati)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: искꙑдати (iskydati)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: ки́дам (kídam) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ки̏дати
      Latin script: kȉdati
    • Slovene: kídati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kydat
    • Old Polish: kidać
    • Slovak: kydať
    • Slovincian: kjidac
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кида́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 561
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kydati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 252

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 264: “v. ‘throw, fling’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kydati: kydajǫ kydajetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (PR 133; MP 22)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kídati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ky̋dati”
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