< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kukati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Of onomatopoeic origin, formed from the interjection ku-ku! (“sound of cuckooing”) + *-kati. Cognate with Lithuanian kukúoti, Latvian kukuôt and akin to Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Sanskrit कोकिल (kokila).
Inflection
Conjugation of *kukati, *kuka, *kukajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*kukanьje | *kukati | *kukatъ | *kukalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *kukanъ | *kukajemъ |
Active | *kukavъ | *kukaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *kukaxъ | *kuka | *kuka | *kukajǫ | *kukaješi | *kukajetь |
Dual | *kukaxově | *kukasta | *kukaste | *kukajevě | *kukajeta | *kukajete |
Plural | *kukaxomъ | *kukaste | *kukašę | *kukajemъ | *kukajete | *kukajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *kukaaxъ | *kukaaše | *kukaaše | — | *kukaji | *kukaji |
Dual | *kukaaxově | *kukaašeta | *kukaašete | *kukajivě | *kukajita | — |
Plural | *kukaaxomъ | *kukaašete | *kukaaxǫ | *kukajimъ | *kukajite | — |
Related terms
- *kukuvica (“cuckoo, gowk”)
- *kukyrica (“partridge”)
- *kukъ (“vengeful spirit”), *kuka (“sprite, gnome”)
- *kučę (“dog”) (in South Slavic)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́кать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kukati I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 89
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кукам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 86
Etymology 2
Fientive verb from *kuka (“hook”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to hook, to elevate”). Equivalently, from *kovati (“to hew”) + *-kati (especially for the meaning in Serbo-Croation and Russian). Cognate with Lithuanian kùkti (“to bend forward”), Latvian kukt (“to bow”), German hocken and akin to Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”).
Alternative forms
- *kučati (in Slovene, West Slavic)
Inflection
Conjugation of *kukati, *kuka, *kukajetь (perf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*kukanьje | *kukati | *kukatъ | *kukalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *kukanъ | — |
Active | *kukavъ | — |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *kukaxъ | *kuka | *kuka | *kukajǫ | *kukaješi | *kukajetь |
Dual | *kukaxově | *kukasta | *kukaste | *kukajevě | *kukajeta | *kukajete |
Plural | *kukaxomъ | *kukaste | *kukašę | *kukajemъ | *kukajete | *kukajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | — | — | — | — | *kukaji | *kukaji |
Dual | — | — | — | *kukajivě | *kukajita | — |
Plural | — | — | — | *kukajimъ | *kukajite | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ку́чаць (kúčacʹ)
- Russian: ку́кать (kúkatʹ, “to pound”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: kučat (dialectal)
- Polish: kucać
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čučati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kukati II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 89
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кукам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 86
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kūkati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kűkati”
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kukati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 255
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