< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovaľь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kovàti (“to hew, to forge”) +‎ *-aľь (“deverbal”).

Noun

*kovàľь m

  1. blacksmith

Declension
Declension of *kovaľь (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *kovaľь *kovaľa *kovaľi
genitive *kovaľa *kovaľu *kovaľь
dative *kovaľu *kovaľema *kovaľemъ
accusative *kovaľь *kovaľa *kovaľę̇
instrumental *kovaľьmь, *kovaľemь* *kovaľema *kovaľi
locative *kovaľi *kovaľu *kovaľixъ
vocative *kovaľu *kovaľa *kovaľi
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *kovàlikъ (diminutive)
  • *kovačь, *kovьcь (“blacksmith”)
  • *kuznьcь (“forger, artisan”)
  • *kovařь (“forger”)
  • *kovylь (“needle grass”)
  • *kyjь (“hammer, club”)
  • *kovadlo (“forging press”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: коваль (kovalĭ)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: *koval
    • Old Polish: *kowal
    • Old Slovak: kovaľ
      • Pannonian Rusyn: коваль (kovalʹ)
      • Slovak: kováľ (dialectal)
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: kòwôl
      • Slovincian: kôwól
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kovalь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7
  • The template Template:R:be:ESBM does not use the parameter(s): 
    url=kaval-2
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “кава́ль”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
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