< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-. Cognates include Latvian iẽva (“hagberry”), Lithuanian ievà (“hagberry”), dial. Lithuanian íeva, and Proto-Germanic *īhwaz.

Noun

*jь̀va f[1][2]

  1. willow

Declension
Declension of *jь̀va (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *jь̀va *jь̀vě *jь̀vy
genitive *jь̀vy *jь̀vu *jь̀vъ
dative *jь̀vě *jь̀vama *jь̀vamъ
accusative *jь̀vǫ *jь̀vě *jь̀vy
instrumental *jь̀vojǫ, *jь̀vǭ** *jь̀vama *jь̀vamī
locative *jь̀vě *jь̀vu *jь̀vasъ, *jь̀vaxъ*
vocative *jь̀vo *jь̀vě *jь̀vy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ива (iva)
      • Old Ruthenian: и́ва (íva)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: и́ва (ýva)
        • Ukrainian: и́ва (ýva), ги́ва (hýva), і́ва (íva), ї́ва (jíva), єва (jeva) (dialectal)
      • Russian: и́ва (íva)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: ива (iva)
      Glagolitic script: ⰺⰲⰰ (iva)
    • Bulgarian: и́ва (íva); ива́ (ivá) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: ива (iva)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: и́ва
      Latin script: íva
    • Slovene: íva, íba
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: jíva
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): híva
      • Moravian (Mistřice): íva
    • Polabian: jeivo
    • Old Polish: iwa
    • Slovak: iva
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьva I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 248
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “і́ва”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 287
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “и́ва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jь̀va”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 216: “f. ā (a) ‘willow’”
  2. Dybo, Vladimir A., Zamyatina, Galina I., Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology]‎ (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42
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