< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъnati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.

Verb

*gъnàti impf[1][2][3]

  1. to chase, to persecute

Conjugation
Conjugation of *gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gъnanьje *gъnati *gъnatъ *gъnalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gъnanъ *ženomъ
Active *gъnavъ *ženy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gъnaxъ*gъna*gъna *ženǫ*ženeši*ženetь
Dual *gъnaxově*gъnasta*gъnaste *ženevě*ženeta*ženete
Plural *gъnaxomъ*gъnaste*gъnašę *ženemъ*ženete*ženǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gъnaaxъ*gъnaaše*gъnaaše —*ženi*ženi
Dual *gъnaaxově*gъnaašeta*gъnaašete *ženěvě*ženěta—
Plural *gъnaaxomъ*gъnaašete*gъnaaxǫ *ženěmъ*ženěte—
Conjugation of *gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gъnanьje *gъnati *gъnatъ *gъnalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gъnanъ *ženomъ
Active *gъnavъ *ženy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gъnaxъ*gъna*gъna *ženǫ*ženeši*ženetь
Dual *gъnaxově*gъnasta*gъnaste *ženevě*ženeta*ženete
Plural *gъnaxomъ*gъnaste*gъnašę *ženemъ*ženete*ženǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gъnaaxъ*gъnaaše*gъnaaše —*ženi*ženi
Dual *gъnaaxově*gъnaašeta*gъnaašete *ženěvě*ženěta—
Plural *gъnaaxomъ*gъnaašete*gъnaaxǫ *ženěmъ*ženěte—
  • *gonìti (“to chase, to persecute”)
  • *gonъ (“chase, hunt, pursuit”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гънати (gŭnati)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: hnáti
    • Kashubian: gnac
    • Polabian: zinĕ
    • Old Polish: gnać
    • Slovak: hnať
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: hnać
      • Lower Sorbian: gnaś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъnati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 196
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “гнать”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъnàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 197: “v. (b) ‘chase, persecute’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “gъnati: ženǫ ženetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 204); c (PR 139) drive, jage”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “gnáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gъna̋ti, sed. *žȅnǫ”
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