< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dolga
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain. Likely akin to Lithuanian dalgùs/dilgùs (“prickly”), dal̃gis (“scythe”), Latvian dalgs (“scythe”), Old Prussian doalgis (“scythe”).
Per Derksen (supported by Kroonen), further origin perhaps from "Northern" Proto-Indo-European *delgʰ- (“to carve, to shape”), whence also Proto-Germanic *talgijaną (“to carve”). Alternative proposals suggest:
- Mikkola, Pedersen: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelg- ~ *dʰalg- (“pricking tool”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *dalkaz (“pin, dagger”), Latin falx (“sickle”).
- Berneker, Machek, Freankel: Effectively from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁- (“to split, to cleave”) + *-ga, akin to Old Irish dlongaid (“to split”) (via another extension).
Alternative forms
- *dolgъ m
Declension
Declension of *dolga (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dolga | *doldzě | *dolgy |
| genitive | *dolgy | *dolgu | *dolgъ |
| dative | *doldzě | *dolgama | *dolgamъ |
| accusative | *dolgǫ | *doldzě | *dolgy |
| instrumental | *dolgojǫ, *dolgǫ** | *dolgama | *dolgami |
| locative | *doldzě | *dolgu | *dolgasъ, *dolgaxъ* |
| vocative | *dolgo | *doldzě | *dolgy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *dolžьka, *dolžica (diminutive)
Descendants
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dolga”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 61
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “длага”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 399
- “dalgis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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