< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/da

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably instrumental case of *do (“to, up to, until”), from Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“thus, like so”). Similar to Proto-Slavic *ta (“and so, thereby”) from Proto-Slavic *to (“so”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δή (dḗ, “even, indeed”),[1] Proto-Germanic *tō, English too.

Technically, could only reflect the collective case of Proto-Indo-European *dʰe (“locative particle”), similar to Proto-Slavic *ba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (“instrumental particle”).

Particle

*da[2]

  1. yes, yeah (a term used to indicate general agreement)
    Synonym: *ba
    Antonym: *ne

Conjunction

*da[3]

  1. in order to

Derived terms
  • *da že (“even”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: да (da)
      • Old Ruthenian: да (da)
        • Belarusian: ды (dy)
        • Ukrainian: да (da)
      • Russian: да (da) (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Novgorodian: да (da)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: да (da)
      Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰ (da)
    • Bulgarian: да (da)
    • Macedonian: да (da)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: да, да̏
      Latin script: da, dȁ
    • Slovene: dȁ
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: da
      • Czech: da (dialectal)
    • Old Polish: da
      • Polish: da (dialectal)
    • Slovak: da
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: da
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Romanian: da

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*da”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 180
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “да”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 310

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 322
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “1da”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “yes (PR 133)”
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*da”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 94: “conj.”
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