< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰe

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly derived from *dʰeh₁- (“to place”).[1]

Particle

*-dʰe ~ *-dʰi[2][3][4][1][5]

  1. Locative particle, where

Derived terms
  • *dʰ-ém (innovative acc.sg.)[1]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰen
  • *dʰ-éy (innovative dat.sg.)[1][6][7]
    • Proto-Italic: *-ðei
  • *dʰ-éh₁ (innovative instr.sg.)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰaH[1]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰaH
  • *kʷú-dʰe
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kude
      • Proto-Slavic: *kъde (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: कुह (kúha, “where”)
      • Avestan: 𐬐𐬎𐬛𐬁 (kudā, “where”)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷuðei
  • *h₂pó-dʰh₁-o-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *padas
      • Proto-Slavic: *podъ (see there for further descendants)
  • *me-dʰi-

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-de
    • Proto-Slavic: *-de
  • Proto-Germanic: *-þ[1]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰe, *-tʰi
    • Ancient Greek: -θε (-the), -θι (-thi)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰa[8][1]
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰa
      • Sanskrit: ध (dha)

References
  1. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 120-122
  2. Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34
  3. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246
  5. Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”
  6. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) chapter 636, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ubī
  8. Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146
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