< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kai-w-aʔ, *śai-w-aʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w- (Derksen) or *(s)koywā, from *skey- (ЭССЯ).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šaivà (“spool”), šeivà (“spool, forearm, shin(-bone)”), Latvian saĩva, saĩve (“bobbin”). Further cognates include Sanskrit अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shin”) and Proto-Germanic *skinō (“plate, rim”). Cf. also Estonian kääv (“spool”).

Noun

*cě̄và m[1][2]

  1. shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool

Inflection
Declension of *cě̄và (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *cě̄và *cě̃vě *cě̄vỳ
genitive *cě̄vỳ *cě̄vù *cě̃vъ
dative *cě̄vě̀ *cě̄vàma *cě̄vàmъ
accusative *cě̄vǫ̀ *cě̃vě *cě̄vỳ
instrumental *cě̄vòjǫ, *cě̃vǫ** *cě̄vàma *cě̄vàmī
locative *cě̄vě̀ *cě̄vù *cě̄vàsъ, *cě̄vàxъ*
vocative *cěvo *cě̃vě *cě̄vỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *cěvina
  • *cěvъka
  • *cěvьje
  • *cěvьnъ
    • *cěvьnica (“reed, flute”)
    • *cěvьnikъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: dial. че́ва (čéva)
    • Ukrainian: ці́ва (cíva)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: цѣва́ (cěvá), dial. ца́ва (cáva), це́ва (céva)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: цива
      Latin script: civa
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: cěva
    • Polish: cewa
    • Slovak: cieva
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: cywa
      • Lower Sorbian: cewa, cowa

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cěva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 191

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*cě̄và”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 76: “f. ā (b) ‘shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “cěva cěvy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b pipe, bobbin (NA 92, 141; SA 20)”
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