< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьcь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *-ьkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos.

Cognate with Lithuanian -ikas, -ikis in siuvikas, siuvikis (< siūti, siùvo), piovikas (“reaper”) (< piáuti, pióvė).[1]

Cognate with Lithuanian -ingas, Latvian -īgs, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Latin -icus, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). Typically, these suffixes fulfill adjectival function (similar to Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ), however, sometimes their derivatives could also act as nominals like in Slavic.

Comparison with other languages points to the antiquity of denominal formations, which are most likely substantivized adjectives.[2]

Suffix

*-ьcь m

  1. (added to nouns) Forms diminutives
    ‎*rogъ (“horn”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*rožьcь (“a small horn”)
    ‎*obolkъ (“cloud”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*obolčьcь (“a small cloud”)
    ‎*gordъ (“city, town”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*gordьcь (“a small town”)
  2. (added to adjectives) nominalizer, person
    ‎*starъ (“old”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*starьcь (“an old man”)
    ‎*mǫdrъ (“wise”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*mǫdrьcь (“a wise man”)
    ‎*bordatъ (“bearded”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*bordatьcь (“a bearded man”)
  3. (added to verbs) Forms agent nouns
    Synonyms: *-teľь, *-čь, *-ьnikъ
    ‎*šiti (“to sew”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*šьvьcь (“sewer, seamster”)
    ‎*plęsati (“to dance”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*plęsьcь (“dancer”)
    ‎*loviti (“to hunt”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*lovьcь (“hunter”)
    ‎*gǫsti (“to play a string instrument”) + ‎*-ьcь → ‎*gǫdьcь (“musician”)

Declension
Declension of *-ьcь (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ьcь *-ьca *-ьci
genitive *-ьca *-ьcu *-ьcь
dative *-ьcu *-ьcema *-ьcemъ
accusative *-ьcь *-ьca *-ьcę̇
instrumental *-ьcьmь, *-ьcemь* *-ьcema *-ьci
locative *-ьci *-ьcu *-ьcixъ
vocative *-ьče *-ьca *-ьci
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьcь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ьць (-ĭcĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: -ець (-ecʹ), -ецъ (-ecʹ)
      • Russian: -ец (-ec)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: -ьць (-ĭcĭ)
      Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⱐ (-ĭcĭ)
    • Bulgarian: -ец (-ec)
    • Macedonian: -ец (-ec)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -ац, -ец (Kajkavian)
      Latin script: -ac, -ec (Kajkavian)
    • Slovene: -ec
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 70f

References
  1. Otrębski, Jan (1964) “Славяно-балтийское языковое единство. II. Морфологические явления”, in Вопросы языкознания, number 6, Москва: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 28
  2. Brugmann, Karl. (1916) Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen: II. Lehre von den Wortformen und ihrem Gebrauch, 1. Allgemeines, Zusammensetzung (Komposita), Nominalstämme. Strassburg., pp. 487–491
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