< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.

  • *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
  • *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

Adjective

*-ěnъ

  1. Forming adjectives meaning 'made of <the baseword>'; -en
    1. Denominal
      *volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)
      *dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)
      *lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)
    2. Deverbative
      *děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)
      *piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)

Declension
Indefinite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěnъ *ěna *ěno
genitive *ěna *ěny *ěna
dative *ěnu *ěně *ěnu
accusative *ěnъ *ěnǫ *ěno
instrumental *ěnomь *ěnojǫ *ěnomь
locative *ěně *ěně *ěně
vocative *ěne *ěno *ěno
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěna *ěně *ěně
genitive *ěnu *ěnu *ěnu
dative *ěnoma *ěnama *ěnoma
accusative *ěna *ěně *ěně
instrumental *ěnoma *ěnama *ěnoma
locative *ěnu *ěnu *ěnu
vocative *ěna *ěně *ěně
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěni *ěny *ěna
genitive *ěnъ *ěnъ *ěnъ
dative *ěnomъ *ěnamъ *ěnomъ
accusative *ěny *ěny *ěna
instrumental *ěny *ěnami *ěny
locative *ěněxъ *ěnaxъ *ěněxъ
vocative *ěni *ěny *ěna
Definite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěnъjь *ěnaja *ěnoje
genitive *ěnajego *ěnyję̇ *ěnajego
dative *ěnujemu *ěněji *ěnujemu
accusative *ěnъjь *ěnǫjǫ *ěnoje
instrumental *ěnyjimь *ěnǫjǫ *ěnyjimь
locative *ěnějemь *ěněji *ěnějemь
vocative *ěnъjь *ěnaja *ěnoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěnaja *ěněji *ěněji
genitive *ěnuju *ěnuju *ěnuju
dative *ěnyjima *ěnyjima *ěnyjima
accusative *ěnaja *ěněji *ěněji
instrumental *ěnyjima *ěnyjima *ěnyjima
locative *ěnuju *ěnuju *ěnuju
vocative *ěnaja *ěněji *ěněji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ěniji *ěnyję̇ *ěnaja
genitive *ěnъjixъ *ěnъjixъ *ěnъjixъ
dative *ěnyjimъ *ěnyjimъ *ěnyjimъ
accusative *ěnyję̇ *ěnyję̇ *ěnaja
instrumental *ěnyjimi *ěnyjimi *ěnyjimi
locative *ěnyjixъ *ěnyjixъ *ěnyjixъ
vocative *ěniji *ěnyję̇ *ěnaja

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěnъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj), -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)
    • Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -енен (-enen)
    • Macedonian: -ен (-en)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -ен
      Latin script: -en
    • Slovene: -en
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ěný
    • Old Polish: -any
    • Slovak: -ený

References
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 93
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