< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫtьlъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Either from root of *ǫ- + *tьlo (“ground”) or related[1] to Ancient Greek ἄντρον (ántron, “cave”).
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ǫtьlъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ǫtьlъ | *ǫtьla | *ǫtьlo |
| genitive | *ǫtьla | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьla |
| dative | *ǫtьlu | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlu |
| accusative | *ǫtьlъ | *ǫtьlǫ | *ǫtьlo |
| instrumental | *ǫtьlomь | *ǫtьlojǫ | *ǫtьlomь |
| locative | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlě |
| vocative | *ǫtьle | *ǫtьlo | *ǫtьlo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ǫtьla | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlě |
| genitive | *ǫtьlu | *ǫtьlu | *ǫtьlu |
| dative | *ǫtьloma | *ǫtьlama | *ǫtьloma |
| accusative | *ǫtьla | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlě |
| instrumental | *ǫtьloma | *ǫtьlama | *ǫtьloma |
| locative | *ǫtьlu | *ǫtьlu | *ǫtьlu |
| vocative | *ǫtьla | *ǫtьlě | *ǫtьlě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ǫtьli | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьla |
| genitive | *ǫtьlъ | *ǫtьlъ | *ǫtьlъ |
| dative | *ǫtьlomъ | *ǫtьlamъ | *ǫtьlomъ |
| accusative | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьla |
| instrumental | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьlami | *ǫtьly |
| locative | *ǫtьlěxъ | *ǫtьlaxъ | *ǫtьlěxъ |
| vocative | *ǫtьli | *ǫtьly | *ǫtьla |
Definite declension of *ǫtьlъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ǫtьlъjь | *ǫtьlaja | *ǫtьloje |
| genitive | *ǫtьlajego | *ǫtьlyję̇ | *ǫtьlajego |
| dative | *ǫtьlujemu | *ǫtьlěji | *ǫtьlujemu |
| accusative | *ǫtьlъjь | *ǫtьlǫjǫ | *ǫtьloje |
| instrumental | *ǫtьlyjimь | *ǫtьlǫjǫ | *ǫtьlyjimь |
| locative | *ǫtьlějemь | *ǫtьlěji | *ǫtьlějemь |
| vocative | *ǫtьlъjь | *ǫtьlaja | *ǫtьloje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ǫtьlaja | *ǫtьlěji | *ǫtьlěji |
| genitive | *ǫtьluju | *ǫtьluju | *ǫtьluju |
| dative | *ǫtьlyjima | *ǫtьlyjima | *ǫtьlyjima |
| accusative | *ǫtьlaja | *ǫtьlěji | *ǫtьlěji |
| instrumental | *ǫtьlyjima | *ǫtьlyjima | *ǫtьlyjima |
| locative | *ǫtьluju | *ǫtьluju | *ǫtьluju |
| vocative | *ǫtьlaja | *ǫtьlěji | *ǫtьlěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ǫtьliji | *ǫtьlyję̇ | *ǫtьlaja |
| genitive | *ǫtьlъjixъ | *ǫtьlъjixъ | *ǫtьlъjixъ |
| dative | *ǫtьlyjimъ | *ǫtьlyjimъ | *ǫtьlyjimъ |
| accusative | *ǫtьlyję̇ | *ǫtьlyję̇ | *ǫtьlaja |
| instrumental | *ǫtьlyjimi | *ǫtьlyjimi | *ǫtьlyjimi |
| locative | *ǫtьlyjixъ | *ǫtьlyjixъ | *ǫtьlyjixъ |
| vocative | *ǫtьliji | *ǫtьlyję̇ | *ǫtьlaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: утьлъ (utĭlŭ), утьлꙑи (utĭlyi), утлꙑи (utlyi)
- Old Ruthenian: у́тлый (útlyj)
- Ukrainian: ву́тлий (vútlyj); у́тлий (útlyj) (dialectal)
- Russian: у́тлый (útlyj)
- Old Ruthenian: у́тлый (útlyj)
- Old East Slavic: утьлъ (utĭlŭ), утьлꙑи (utĭlyi), утлꙑи (utlyi)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ѫтьлъ (ǫtĭlŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
- Cyrillic script: у̏тал
- Latin script: utal
- Slovene: vọ́təl (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “votel”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “ǫtьlъ ǫtьla ǫtьlo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b hullet, svag (PR 136)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “у́тлый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “вутлий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
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