< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьrti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Generally presumed to reflect Proto-Balto-Slavic *gírˀtei (“to praise”)[1], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, to praise”).

Cognate yé-presents Lithuanian gìrti (“to praise”), Old Prussian girtwei (“to praise”), Latvian dzir̃t (“to honor”), dzirtiês (“to boast”) (usually reflexive) and perhaps Sanskrit गुरते (guráte, “to welcome”). Further akin to Sanskrit जरते (járate, “to address, to call for”), गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti, “to praise, to invoke”).

An older interpretation[2] suggests origin from *gʷer- (“to raise voice, to vocalize, to resonate”) (cf. Lithuanian gar̃sas (“sound, echo”), ger̃bti (“to respect”)).

Verb

*žьrti[1][3]

  1. (originally) to consecrate
  2. (transitive) to sacrifice

Conjugation
Conjugation of *žьrti, *žьr, *žьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žьrtьje *žьrti *žьrtъ *žьrlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žьrtъ *žьromъ
Active *žьrъ *žьry
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žьrxъ*žьr*žьr *žьrǫ*žьreši*žьretь
Dual *žьrxově*žьrsta*žьrste *žьrevě*žьreta*žьrete
Plural *žьrxomъ*žьrste*žьršę *žьremъ*žьrete*žьrǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьrěaxъ*žьrěaše*žьrěaše —*žьri*žьri
Dual *žьrěaxově*žьrěašeta*žьrěašete *žьrěvě*žьrěta—
Plural *žьrěaxomъ*žьrěašete*žьrěaxǫ *žьrěmъ*žьrěte—
    Notes:
  • (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Intensive stem: *žirati

Derived terms
  • *požirati, *požьrěti (“to offer for sacrifice”)
  • *žьrьcь m (“priest”), *žьrica f (“priestess”)
  • *žьrtva (“sacrifice”)
  • *žьrtьje (“sacrificial ritual”)
  • *žьrěta (“sacral incantation”)
  • *gora (“highland”)
  • *gornъ m, *gorno n (“verse, spell, chant”)
  • *gъrdъ (“proud”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: жрьти (žrĭti), жрети (žreti)
      • Russian: жреть (žretʹ) (archaic)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: жрьти (žrĭti)
      Glagolitic script: ⰶⱃⰹⱅⰹ (žriti)

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žьrti; *žerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 566: “v. ‘sacrifice’”
  2. Smoczyński, Wojciech (1982) Indoeuropejskie podstawy słownictwa bałtyckiego, ABSI 14, pages 235-236
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “1žьrti (žerti): žьr(j)ǫ žьr(j)etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ofre (SA 203, 248f.; PR 136)”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жру”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Borissoff, K., Shaposhnikov, A. (2017) “Русско-санскритские этимологические этюды [Russian-Sanskrit etymological Sketches]”, in Труды Института русского языка, Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, page 58: “Др.-русск. жер(е)ти (праслав. *žerti, *žьrti) ~ вед. jṝ-, járate”
  • “girti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.