< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan < m

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s-glak ~ m-glaŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *gljang (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m/s-glak ⪤ *m-glaŋ (Matisoff, STEDT); *graŋ (Benedict, 1972); *grɑŋ (Chou, 1972); *graŋ ⪤ glaŋ ⪤ m/ʔ-glak (Matisoff, 2003)

→ Also, compare the following word family in Chinese, of unknown origin:

B-SZSDef.
冰 (bīng)/*p.rəŋ/ > (dial.) /*pr-//*p-ŋrɯŋ/"ice"
凝 (níng)/*ŋ(r)əŋ/ < uvular?/*ŋrɯŋ/"to freeze, to form; ice"
凌/*p.rəŋ//*rɯŋ/"ice"

Adjective

*s-glak ~ m-glaŋ

  1. cold
  2. freeze

Descendants
  • Old Chinese: /*raŋ/ (root)
    涼／凉 (*C.raŋ, *C.raŋ-s (B-S); *g·raŋ, *g·raŋ-s (ZS), “cold; light, weak”)
    (vocalic variant) 冷 (*(g-)raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ (ZS), “cold”)
    (s-noun) 霜 (*sraŋ (B-S; ZS), “hoarfrost”)
    • Middle Chinese: 涼／凉 (lɨɐŋ, lɨɐŋH), 冷 (lɣæŋX, leŋ, leŋX), 霜 (ʃɨɐŋ)

      → Vietnamese: lạnh ("cold")
      Vietnamese: sương ("dew")

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing:
          涼／凉 (liáng, /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/) ("cool")
          晾 (liàng) (liàng, /li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/) ("to make ... cold, to make ... dry")
          冷 (lěng, /lɤŋ²¹⁴/) ("cold")
          霜 (shuāng) (shuāng, /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/) ("frost")
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: གྲང་བ (grang ba, “cold, cool, to get cold”), ཁྱགས་པ (khyags pa, “cold, frozen, ice, frost”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi

See also
  • *kjam (“cold, snow, ice”)
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