Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯamāniy-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⴰⵎ (tam) and Egyptian ḫmnw.

Numeral

**Proto-Semitic numbers ^(edit)**
← 7	8	9 →
Cardinal: *ṯamāniy-

*ṯamāniy-

eight

Usage notes

This number exhibited chiastic concord (gender polarity), in which masculine forms were used to agree with feminine nouns, and feminine forms with masculine nouns.

Inflection

Declension of *ṯamāniy-

Case	m	f
Nominative	*ṯamāniyum	*ṯamāniyatum
Genitive	*ṯamāniyim	*ṯamāniyatim
Accusative	*ṯamāniyam	*ṯamāniyatam

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒐍 (samānat)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ثَمَانِيَة (ṯamāniya)
    - Egyptian Arabic: تمانية (tamanya)
    - Maltese: tmienja
    - Moroccan Arabic: تمنية (tmanya)
    - South Levantine Arabic: تمانية (tamanye)
  - Aramaic:
    Syriac script: ܬ݁ܡܳܢܝܳܐ (tmānyā), ܬ݁ܡܳܢܶܐ (tmāne)
    
    Hebrew script: תְּמָנְיָא (təmānəyā), תְּמָנֶא (tmāne)
    
    Western Neo-Aramaic: ܬܡܢܝܐ m (ṯmōnya), ܬܡܢ f (ṯmōn)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: שְׁמוֹנָה (sh'moná, šəmônâ), שְׁמוֹנֶה (sh'moné, šəmônɛ̂)
      - Phoenician: 𐤔𐤌𐤍 (šmn)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎎𐎐𐎚 (ṯmnt /⁠ṯamānītu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ስምንት (səmmənt)
  - Ge'ez: ሰማንቱ (sämantu), ሰማኒ (sämani)
  - Tigrinya: ሸሞንተ (šämmontä)
  - Tigre: ሰማን (samān)

References

Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN, page 61

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