Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šim

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Conjunction

*šim or šimmā

if

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒋳𒈠 (šumma)
Proto-West Semitic: *him
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: إِن (ʔin)
  - Dadanitic: 𐪑𐪌 (ʾn /⁠ʾin⁠/)
  - Safaitic: 𐪑𐪌 (ʾn /⁠ʾin⁠/)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: הן (hen, hin), אן (ʾen, ʾin)
      - Classical Syriac: ܐܢ (ʾen)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: אִם (ʾim)
        Samaritan Hebrew: ࠀࠌ (ʾam)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎎 (hm), 𐎛𐎎 (ỉm)
  - Old South Arabian: 𐩠𐩣 (hm), 𐩠𐩣𐩺 (hmy), 𐩠𐩣𐩥 (hmw)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: እም (ʾəm), እመ (ʾəmä)

References

Weninger, Stefan (2011) “Reconstructive Morphology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 169
Tropper, Josef (2003) “Sekundäres wortanlautendes Alif im Arabischen”, in Kogan, Leonid, editor, Studia Semitica (Orientalia: Papers of the Oriental Institute; III), Moscow, →ISBN, pages 191–193

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