šumma

Akkadian

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *šim (“if”). Cognate with Arabic إِن (ʔin) and Biblical Hebrew אִם (ʾim).

Pronunciation

Conjunction

šumma

  1. if, whether
    • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎, The Louvre, Law 195:
      𒋳𒈠 𒌉 𒀀𒁀𒋗 𒅎𒋫𒄩𒊍 𒈩𒇲𒋗 𒄿𒈾𒀝𒆠𒋢
      [šumma mārum abāšu imtaḫaṣ rittašu inakkisū]
      šum-ma DUMU A.BA-šu im-ta-ḫa-aṣ KIŠIB.LA₂-šu i-na-ak-ki-su
      If a son has struck his father, his hand will be cut off.

Alternative forms
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic Mixed
  • 𒀸 (AŠ) (omens and medicine)
  • 𒈦 (MAŠ) (omens and medicine)
  • 𒌓 (UD) (omens and medicine)
  • 𒁹 (DIŠ) (Neo-Assyrian)
  • 𒁁 (BE) (Neo-Assyrian)
  • 𒈬 (MU) (Neo-Assyrian; rare)
  • 𒋳𒈠 (šum-ma)
  • 𒋗𒌝𒈬 (šu-um-mu)
  • 𒋧𒈠 (šum₂-ma) (Neo-Assyrian)
  • 𒋧𒈬 (šum₂-mu) (Neo-Assyrian)
  • 𒁁𒈠 (BE-ma) (Neo-Assyrian)

References
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