Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šamaʕ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare with Egyptian sḏm (“to hear”) and Egyptian smt as well as Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ (amẓẓuɣ). Apparently unrelated to Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound”).

Verb

*šamaʕ-

to hear, to listen

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/šamaʕ- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*šamʕ-
active participle					*šāmiʕ-
passive participle					šamīʕ-, šamūʕ-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*šamaʕku	*šamaʕka	*šamaʕa		*šamaʕkayā	*šamaʕkā	*šamaʕā	*šamaʕna	*šamaʕkanu	*šamaʕū
perfect	f	*šamaʕku	*šamaʕki	*šamaʕat		*šamaʕkayā	*šamaʕkā	*šamaʕatā	*šamaʕna	*šamaʕkina	*šamaʕā

imperfect	m	*ʔašmaʕ	*tašmaʕ	*yišmaʕ			*tašmaʕā	*yašmaʕā	*nišmaʕ	*tašmaʕū	*yišmaʕū
imperfect	f	*ʔašmaʕ	*tašmaʕī	*tašmaʕ			*tašmaʕā	*tašmaʕā	*nišmaʕ	*tašmaʕā	*yišmaʕā

imperative	m		*šamaʕ				*šamaʕā			*šamaʕū
imperative	f		*šamaʕī				*šamaʕā			*šamaʕā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄑𒌇 (šemûm)
West Semitic
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: سَمِعَ (samiʕa)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: שְׁמַע (šəmaʿ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܫܡܰܥ (šəmaʿ)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: שָׁמַע (shamá', šāmaʿ)
      - Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠌࠏ (šəmaʿ)
      - Phoenician: 𐤔𐤌𐤏 (šmʿ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎓 (šmʿ /⁠šamiʿa⁠/)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Old South Arabian: 𐩪𐩣𐩲 (s¹mʿ)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ሰማ (säma)
  - Argobba: ሰማ (sämma)
  - Gafat: ሰመ (sämmä)
  - Ge'ez: ሰምዐ (sämʿä)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: ሰማ (säma)
  - Harari: ሰማዓ (sämaʿa)
  - Tigre: ሰምዓ (sämʿa)
  - Tigrinya: ሰምዔ (sämʿe)

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