Reconstruction:Proto-Polynesian/hiwa

This Proto-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Polynesian

**Proto-Polynesian cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : *hiwa

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *ciwa, from Proto-Oceanic *siwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhi.wa/

Numeral

*hiwa[1]

nine

Descendants

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
- Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *iwa
  - Marquesic:
    - Hawaiian: iwa
    - North Marquesan: iva
    - South Marquesan: iva
  - Tahitic:
    - Maori: iwa
    - Rarotongan: iva
    - Tuamotuan: iva
    - Penrhyn: iva
    - Rapa: eiva
  - Rapa Nui: iva
- Samoic-Outlier:
  - Ellicean:
    - Kapingamarangi: hiwa
    - Nukumanu: sivo
    - Nukuoro: siva
    - Ontong Java: sivo
    - Sikaiana: sivo
    - Takuu: sivo
    - Tuvaluan: iva
  - Futunic:
    - Anuta: iva
    - East Futuna: iva
    - Emae: siva
    - Futuna-Aniwa: iva
    - Mele-Fila: siva
    - Niuafo'ou: hiva
    - Pileni: iva
    - Pukapukan: iva
    - Rennellese: iba
    - Tikopia: siva
    - Wallisian: hiva
  - Samoic:
    - Samoan: iva
    - Tokelauan: iva
Tongic:
- Niuean: hiva
- Tongan: hiva

References

Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “HIWA”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

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[Pollex-1] Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “HIWA”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online