Reconstruction:Proto-Philippine/daʀum

This Proto-Philippine entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Philippine

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daʀum/

Noun

*daʀum

needle

Descendants

Batanic
- Ivatan: rayem, marrayem
- Yami: rayom
Northern Luzon
- Cagayan Valley
  - Ibanagic
    - Itawit: dahum
- Ilocano: dagum, dagum-dagum (“stinger”)
  - → Dupaningan Agta: dagum
- Meso-Cordilleran
  - Southern Cordilleran
    - West Southern Cordilleran:
      - Pangasinan: dagom, dagum
- Northeastern Luzon
  - Dumagat
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: digum, gadigum
Central Luzon
- Kapampangan: karayum
  - → Sambali: karayom
  - → Tagalog: karayom
Greater Central Philippine
- Central Philippine
  - Bikol
    - Coastal Bikol
      - Bikol Central: dagom
    - Inland Bikol
      - Iriga Bicolano: dagom
    - Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: dagom
  - Bisayan
    - Cebuano: dagom, dinagom
    - Central Bisayan:
      - Hiligaynon: dagum
    - Southern Bisayan:
      - Tausug: jawm
    - Western Bisayan
      - Aklanon: dagom
      - Kinaray-a: dagom
  - Mansakan
    - Mandaya
      - Mansaka: dagum
- Southern Mangyan
  - Hanunoo: dayum
- Danao
  - Maguindanao: ragum
  - Maranao: ragom
Manobo
- Binukid: ragum
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: ragum
South Mindanao
- Tboli: dalum, dmalum
- Tiruray: darum
Sangiric
- Sangir: dahung, darahung
Minahasan
- North Minahasan
  - Tontemboan: raum-raum
Gorontalo-Mongondow
- Mongondow: dodagum, modagum (“to sew”), tumondodagum (“to be needle-shaped”)

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