Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/tarbagan

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Sometimes connected with Ulch, Nanai тарга (targa, “beaver”), which themselves may be compared with Nivkh тʼаӻр (tʼaꜧ̇r, “chipmunk”).

Perhaps separable into *tarba- +‎ *-gan, with the second element recurring in other animal names.

Noun

*tarbagan

marmot

Descendants

Middle Mongol:
- Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ (tarbaɣan-u) (genitive)
Mongolian:
- Classical: ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (tarbag-a)
- Khalkha Mongolian: тарвага (tarvaga)
- Ordos: /tʰarwaɢa/
Buryat: тарбага(н) (tarbaga(n))
- Khamnigan Mongol: тарбага(н)
Kalmyk: тарвлһн (tarvlğn)
Daur: tarbeg
East Yugur: targhwan, tawarghan (Qinglong)
Monguor:
- Mongghul: tarbugha
- Mangghuer: [Term?] (tarbaga)
Turkic:
- → Kazakh: тарбаған (tarbağan)
- → Khakas: тарбаған (tarbağan)
- → Southern Altai: тарбаган (tarbagan)
  - → Russian: тарбаган (tarbagan)
    - → English: tarbagan
- → Yakut: таарбаҕан (taarbağan)
Tungusic:
- → Evenki: тарбага̄ (tarbagā)
- → Even: тарбахан (tarʙahan) (Arman)
- → Manchu: ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡥᡳ (tarbahi), ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡴᡳ (tarbaki), ᡨᠠᡵᠪᡳᡥᡳ (tarbihi)
- →Solon: табха (tabha), тарбаха (tarbaha)

References

Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 512
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 167
Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, page 264

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