Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/nixe-

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Reconstruction

Nugteren reconstructs *nexe-, but the Middle Mongol data seem better explained through the common assimilation of *-ixe- to *-exe-.

The raising found in some Qinghai-Gansu languages could have probably developed from either variant.

Etymology

Most likely related in some way to Proto-Tungusic *nī- (“to open”). Another somewhat similar form is Proto-Uralic *nᴕje- (“to open”).

Compare Evenki нӣмӣ (ņīmī), Manchu ᠨᡝᠶᠮᠪᡳ (neymbi), Tundra Nenets нэсь (nesʹ°), Hungarian nyílik.

Verb

*nixe-

to open

Descendants

Middle Mongol:
- Mongolian: ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠢ (negeküi)
- Arabic:
  Muqaddimat: نيبه, نيكسن, نييكسان
  
  Rasulid Hexaglot: نياكو
- Chinese:
  Secret History: [Term?] (/⁠ne'e-⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠nege-⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠neke-⁠/)
  
  Hua-Yi Yiyu: [script needed] (ni'e-), [script needed] (ne'e'ülge-) (causative)
Central:
- Mongolian:
  - Classical: ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ (negegekü)
  - Khalkha Mongolian: нээх (neex)
  - Ordos: /neː/
- Oirat:
  - Written: ᠨᡄᡃᡍᡉ (nēkü)
  - Kalmyk: неех (neex)
- Buryat: нээхэ (neexe)
- Khamnigan Mongol: neekü
Daur: neegw
Qinghai-Gansu:
- East Yugur: nii
- Shirongolic:
  - Monguor:
    - Mongghul: nee, nii
    - Mangghuer: ni, nie
  - Baonanic:
    - Baonan:
      - Gansu: nei
      - Qinghai: nee
    - Dongxiang: nie
    - Kangjia: Kangjia ne

References

Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, pages 453-454
Sun Zhu (1990) 蒙古语族语言词典 [Dictionary of Mongolic Languages] (in Chinese), Qinghai, page 502
Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, page 214

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