< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/herjō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From earlier *xerjō (to differentiate it from a later form *herjō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥-yé-ti, from *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).
Inflection
| Inflection of *herjō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *herjō | |
| Perfect | *herai | |
| Past participle | *heritos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *herjō | *herjōr |
| 2nd sing. | *herjes | *herjezo |
| 3rd sing. | *herjet | *herjetor |
| 1st plur. | *herjomos | *herjomor |
| 2nd plur. | *herjetes | *herjem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *herjont | *herjontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *herjām | *herjār |
| 2nd sing. | *herjās | *herjāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *herjād | *herjātor |
| 1st plur. | *herjāmos | *herjāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *herjātes | *herjām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *herjānd | *herjāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *herai | |
| 2nd sing. | *heristai | |
| 3rd sing. | *here(d) | |
| 1st plur. | *heromos | |
| 2nd plur. | *heristes | |
| 3rd plur. | *herēri | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *herje | *herjezo |
| 2nd plur. | *herjete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *herjetōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *herjents | *heritos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *heritum | *herjezi | |
Descendants
- Latin: horior (deponent), hortor (frequentative)
- Oscan: “to want”
- (3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad)
- (3s.fut.) herest
- Umbrian: “to want”
- (3s.pr.?) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri)
- (3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)
- (3s.fut.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌔 (heries), heriest
- (2/3s.fut.) heries
- (3s.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌓 (herter), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄 (herte), herti, hertei
- (inf.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌚𐌉 (herifi)
- (ppp., abl.sg.?) 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu), heritu, hereitu
- ⇒ *herent-tāts f (“Herentas, an Italic goddess”, noun)
- Paelignian: (nom.sg.) herentas
- Oscan:
- (gen.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (herettates)
- (dat.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝 (herentateí), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉 (heretatei)
- ⇒ Marrucinian: herentatia (“of Herentas”, adjective)
- ⇒ Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌔 (heris), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri), heri, herie, heriei (repeated, stands for “either... or”)
- ⇒ Umbrian: pisher (“whoever”)
- ⇒? Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄𐌔 (herinties), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄 (herintie)
- ⇒? Venetic: horvionte (“glad”, if interpreted as representing *hereionte)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “horior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
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