< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wacáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás.

Noun

*wacáh

  1. yearling calf

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *wacáh *wacā́ *wacā́
vocative *waca *wacā́ *wacā́
accusative *wacám *wacā́ *wacā́nh
instrumental *wacā́ *wacáybyaH *wacā́yš
ablative *wacā́t *wacáybyaH *wacáybyah
dative *wacā́y *wacáybyaH *wacáybyah
genitive *wacáhya *wacáyāh *wacā́nam
locative *wacáy *wacáyaw *wacáyšu

Derived terms
  • *wacyakah
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: gîsk
      Central Kurdish: گیسک (gîsk), گێسک (gêsk)
      Southern Kurdish: گیسک (gîsk)
    • Larestani: گیسه (gēsa)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠wahīg⁠/, “Capricorn sign; kid; he-goat”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫍𐫏𐫃 (whyg)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (whyk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ZZLA)
      • Bakhtiari: بیگ (bīg)
      • Classical Persian: بهی (bahī, “Capricorn sign”) (only in Albiruni works)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Sarikoli: wišk
      • → Wakhi: [script needed] (wəšk), [script needed] (wušk)
    • → Proto-Mansi: *wē̮səɣ[1]
      • Northern Mansi: [script needed] (wāsiɣ)

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *vasaka
      • Ossetian: вӕс (væs)
      • Sake: vasaka
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (basaka)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (ɣoskák)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (wusuk)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (wasōk)
    • Yazghulami: в̌ус (wus)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Zaza-Gorani:
      Gurani: گێسک (gēsk)
    • Baluchi: گوسک (gwask)
    • → Old Armenian: Վասակ (Vasak)
  • → Proto-Finno-Permic: *wasa
    • Proto-Mordvinic:
    • Proto-Samic: *vuosē (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Finnic: *vasa (see there for further descendants)
  • → Hungarian: üsző

References
  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vatsá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  • Edward F. Bryant and Laurie L (2005). Patton, eds. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. London and New York: Routledge, P 201
  1. Sampsa Holopainen. Notes on Alanic and other steppe Iranian loanwords in Hungarian, Ob-Ugric and Permic (2022).
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