< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kátah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; often compared to Sanskrit चतति (cátati), चातयति (cātayati, “to escape”),[1] and Sanskrit खनति (khanati, “to dig”)[2],[3] but perhaps more likely a substrate borrowing or wanderwort, compare Proto-Uralic *kota (“hut, tent”), Proto-Germanic *kutą (“hut, shed”).

Noun

*kátah m[4][5]

  1. house
  2. roof

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 m (kata, “room, house”)
      • ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬋𐬹𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (katō masah, “as big as a house”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *kati
      • Proto-Ossetic: *katɨ
        • Old Ossetic: *kæt
          • Ossetian:
            Digor Ossetian: кӕт (kæt, “stable; (dialectal) canopy”)
        • →? Proto-Germanic: *kutą (see there for further descendants)
        • →? Proto-Slavic: *xata (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kati
        • Proto-Saka: *kati
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (kata-)
        • Wakhi: kut (“roof”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: καδαγο (kadago), καδγο (kadgo, “house, family residence”)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫞𐫤 (qt /⁠kat⁠/)
          • ⇒ Sogdian: (/⁠katē⁠/, “house”)
            Old Sogdian script: 𐼋𐼚𐼀𐼋 (ktʾk)
            Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫤𐫏𐫏 (ktyy)
            Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (qty)
          • ⇒? Sogdian: (“roof”)
            Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (qdwy /⁠kaδwē⁠/)
        • Yagnobi: кат (kat)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Parachi: [script needed] (кȫ, “roof”)
    • Pashto: کلی (këlay, “village”)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ḱæd (“house”)
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ḱæy
        • Munji: [script needed] (kʸei)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ḱæd
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *čöd
          • Shughni: чӣд (čīd), [script needed] (čöd) (Bajui), [script needed] (čod) (Khufi, Oroshori)
          • Sarikoli: čed
        • Vanji: kod
        • Yazghulami: куд (kud)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: [script needed] (kodak, “house”)
    • Baluchi: [script needed] (kudo), [script needed] (kodo), [script needed] (kudog, “nest”)
    • Kurdish:
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: kedî (“domestic”)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Old Median: *kadakah[5]
        • Middle Median: *kayag
          • Kermanic: (“house”)
            Abuzeydabadi, Farizandi, Qohrudi, Yarandi: kēya
            Abyanehi, Tarehi: kayā
            Azura, Chimehi, Naraqi, Jowshaqani, Qalhari: kīya
            Hanjani: kah
            Komjani: keyā
          • Proto-Tatic:
            • Old Tati: [script needed] (kā)
            • Talysh: [script needed] (ka)
        • Semnani: [script needed] (kīya)
      • Early Parthian: 𐫐𐫤𐫐 (ktk /⁠katak⁠/, “chamber, wine celler”)
        • Late Parthian: 𐫐𐫅𐫃 (kdg), 𐫞𐫅𐫃 (qdg /⁠kadag⁠/, “home, dwelling”)
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: [script needed] (ka)
        • Zazaki: [Term?] (ka), [Term?] (kē), [Term?] (kaya), [Term?] (keye)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *katah
      • Middle Persian: *kad
        • Persian: کد (kad), [Term?] (“house”)
        • → Badrudi: kad (“house”)
        • ⇒ Middle Persian: (/⁠kadag⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫅𐫃 (kdg), 𐫞𐫅𐫃 (qdg)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ktk')
          • Persian: کده (kade, “house”) (archaic)
          • → Classical Syriac: [script needed] (qdg)
  • →? Old Armenian: քաղաք (kʻałakʻ, “city, town”) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Asatrian, Garnik (2009) “Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 13, number 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 33: “OIran. *kata-”
  • Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “kad”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 219: “*kata-”

References
  1. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “kata-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 50
  2. Bartholomae, Christian (1904) “j. kata-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 432: “zu ai. catant- Adj. ‘sich versteckend’. Die Verbindung mit dem V. ²kan- ist ohne Wert; vgl. *kanta-.”
  3. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 62; 202: “*ką́ta-; Ide. *kn̥ta- : *kan- ‘to dig’”
  4. The template Template:R:wbl:ESVJa does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=213
3=Др.-ир. *kata-
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “kut”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN
  5. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*kata- / *xata-, *kana- / *xana-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 340
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