< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHnā́ma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *duš- (“bad”) +‎ *Hnā́ma (“name”).

Noun

*dušHnā́ma n[1]

  1. an insult

Descendants
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: دشمان (dušmàn), دژمان (dužmàn)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: جنێو (cnêw), جوێن (cwên)
      Northern Kurdish: dijûn, dicûn
      Southern Kurdish: دشمین (dişmîn), دژمین (dijmîn), دژمان (dijman)
      Laki: دوشمین (duşmîn)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *dušnā́ma
      • Gurani: دژمانی (dižmanī)
      • Old Median: *dušnā́ma
        • Kermanic:
          • Zoroastrian Dari, Meymehi: دشمون (dušmūn)
          • Zoroastrian Dari: دشوون (dušvūn)
        • Talysh: (/⁠dəšmān⁠/)
          Arabic script: دشمان
          Latin script: dəşman
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (“with a bad reputation”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋𐫗𐫀𐫖 (dwjnʾm /⁠dužnām⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšnʾm /⁠dušnām⁠/)
      • Lurish:
        Bakhtiari: دشمون (došmūn)
      • Persian: دشنام (došnâm), دژنام (dožnām)
        • → Baluchi: دژنام (dožnàm)
        • → Zoroastrian Dari: دشنوم (dušnūm)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419
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