< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bádHr̥

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰádʰHr̥ ~ *bʰádʰHas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂-r̥ ~ *bʰédʰh₂-n̥s, from *bʰedʰh₂- (“to dig, pierce”) +‎ *-r̥.

Noun

*bádHr̥

  1. spade, shovel

Derived terms
  • *bádHrakah (“spoon, spatula”)
    • Bashkardi: [script needed] (bahr)
    • Kermanic:
      Abyanehi, Komjani, Qohrudi: bahrā
    • Middle Persian: *bahrag
      • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (bahra)

Descendants
  • Southeastern Iranian: (Persian borrowings?)
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (bēl)
    • Pashto: بېل (bel)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (bēl)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (bēl)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (bɛ̄l)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (bil), [script needed] (bīl)
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: bēl
        • Shughni:
          Bartangi: bēl
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: برد (bard)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: bêr
      Central Kurdish: بێڵ (bêll), بێرِک (bêrik)
      Southern Kurdish: بیەڵ (byell)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *bádr̥
      • Gurani: [script needed] (bāla), [script needed] (bālī)
      • Proto-Komisenian:
        • Lasgerdi: [script needed] (bōle)
        • Sangisari: [script needed] (bōle)
      • Middle Median: *bárd, *bā́l, *bḗr
        • Kermanic:
          Sedehi: bīl, bad
          Vonishuni: bār
          Kesehi: bāl
          Qohrudi: bōl
          Zefrehi, Kafroni: berd
          Gazi: bard
        • Sivandi: bīle
        • Talysh: [script needed] (bor)
          Anbarani: [script needed] (bur)
        • ⇒ Middle Median: *bárdag
          • Kermanic:
            Abuzeydabadi, Jowshaqani: bara
            Zoroastrian Dari: bard, barda
          • Tati:
            Southern Tati: [script needed] (barra)
        • Semnani: [script needed] (båla), [script needed] (bāleh)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)
      • Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (bēl)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (byl /⁠bēl⁠/)
  • Unsorted borrowings:
    • Old Armenian: *բարհ (*barh), բահ (bah) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Old Georgian: ბარი (bari) (possibly via Armenian)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*bad-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 42-43
  2. Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “bahrā”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 6
  3. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “pīlīrūvï”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 240b
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