< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yáwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).

Noun

*yáwas m[1]

  1. barley
  2. cereal, grain

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *yáwas *yáwā *yáwā, -ās(as)
vocative *yáwa *yáwā *yáwā, -ās(as)
accusative *yáwam *yáwā *yáwāns
instrumental *yáwā *yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *yáwāyš
ablative *yáwāt *yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *yáwaybʰyas
dative *yáwāy *yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *yáwaybʰyas
genitive *yáwasya *yáwayās *yáwāna(H)m
locative *yáway *yáwayaw *yáwayšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáwas
    • Sanskrit: यव (yáva) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *yáwah (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Nuristani: *yúwa
    • Southern Nuristani:
      • Ashkun: yó
      • Tregami: žó
      • Waigali: yo
  • → Proto-Finnic: *jüvä[2] (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 564–565

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yáva-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Blažek, Václav (2012) “On Indo-European ‘barley’”, in Etymology and the European Lexicon: Proceedings of the 14th Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, 17–22 September 2012, Copenhagen‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, published 2016, page 55
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