यव

See also: युवा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • যৱ (Assamese script)
  • ᬬᬯ (Balinese script)
  • যব (Bengali script)
  • 𑰧𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀬𑀯 (Brahmi script)
  • ယဝ (Burmese script)
  • યવ (Gujarati script)
  • ਯਵ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌯𑌵 (Grantha script)
  • ꦪꦮ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂨𑂫 (Kaithi script)
  • ಯವ (Kannada script)
  • យវ (Khmer script)
  • ຍວ (Lao script)
  • യവ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠶᠠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘧𑘪 (Modi script)
  • ᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧇𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐫𑐰 (Newa script)
  • ଯଵ (Odia script)
  • ꢫꢮ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆪𑆮 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖧𑖪 (Siddham script)
  • යව (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩻𑩾 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚣𑚦 (Takri script)
  • யவ (Tamil script)
  • యవ (Telugu script)
  • ยว (Thai script)
  • ཡ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒨𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨪𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley, cereal”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua), Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá), Old Irish eórna (whence Irish eorna (“barley”)), Lithuanian javaĩ, Persian جو (jow).

Pronunciation

Noun

यव • (yáva) stem, m

  1. barley
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.27.8:
      गावो यवं प्रयुता अर्यो अक्षन्ता अपश्यं सहगोपाश्चरन्तीः ।
      gā́vo yávam práyutā aryó akṣantā́ apaśyam sahágopāścárantīḥ.
      The freed kine eat the barley of the pious; I saw them as they wandered with the herdsman.
  2. grain, cereal
  3. name for island of Java, whence perhaps came the English "Java"
  4. a unit of measurement of weight or length

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of यव (yáva)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative यवः
yávaḥ		 यवौ / यवा¹
yávau / yávā¹		 यवाः / यवासः¹
yávāḥ / yávāsaḥ¹
Vocative यव
yáva		 यवौ / यवा¹
yávau / yávā¹		 यवाः / यवासः¹
yávāḥ / yávāsaḥ¹
Accusative यवम्
yávam		 यवौ / यवा¹
yávau / yávā¹		 यवान्
yávān
Instrumental यवेन
yávena		 यवाभ्याम्
yávābhyām		 यवैः / यवेभिः¹
yávaiḥ / yávebhiḥ¹
Dative यवाय
yávāya		 यवाभ्याम्
yávābhyām		 यवेभ्यः
yávebhyaḥ
Ablative यवात्
yávāt		 यवाभ्याम्
yávābhyām		 यवेभ्यः
yávebhyaḥ
Genitive यवस्य
yávasya		 यवयोः
yávayoḥ		 यवानाम्
yávānām
Locative यवे
yáve		 यवयोः
yávayoḥ		 यवेषु
yáveṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms
  • यव-द्वीप (yava-dvīpa, “Java”, literally “island of barley”)

Descendants
Terms inherited from यव (yáva)
  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: [script needed] (žō)
    • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (žō)
    • Grangali: [script needed] (zō)
    • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (yåw)
    • Kalami: [script needed] (yō)
    • Kalasha: ژو (žō)
    • Khowar: [script needed] (žō)
    • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yō)
    • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yō)
    • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (žā)
    • Phalura: [script needed] (yū)
    • Savi: [script needed] (yū)
    • Shina: यो (yō)
    • Shumashti: [script needed] (zo)
    • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yā)
    • Tirahi: [script needed] (zau)
    • Torwali: [script needed] (yōu)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (zō)
  • Pali: yava
  • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: යව (yawa)
    • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bengali: যব (jbo)
      • Bihari: जौ (jau)
      • Odia: ଯଅ (jôô)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
      • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
      • Romani: džov

Further reading
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