< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/garȷ́ʰ-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-, cognate with Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”), *klagōn (“to lament, complain”), Proto-Celtic *glagmā (whence Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”), Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)),[1][2] perhaps ultimately of substrate origin.[3]

Root

*garȷ́ʰ-[4]

  1. to complain, lament

Derived terms
  • *gárȷ́ʰ-a-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati
  • *gárždʰi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-ánti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gərəzōi, 1st person sg. present med), 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬉 (gərəzē)
  • *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-á-tay
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay
      • Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)[2][4]
    • Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gərəzaite, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)
  • *garȷ́ʰ-áya-ti
  • *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-yá-ti
    • Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati
      • Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /⁠*grad-ya-⁠/)[4][5]
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /⁠griyistan⁠/)
  • *ǰagárȷ́ʰa
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa
      • Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)
    • Northern Kurdish: girižīn, girîn
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /⁠gilag⁠/, “complaint”)
      • Persian: گلا (gelâ)
        • → Hindustani:
          Hindi: गिला (gilā)
          Urdu: گلا (gilā)
        • → Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)
    • Parthian: [Term?] (/⁠grzyšn⁠/, “complaint”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “4. gal-gh-, g(a)lagh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 350-351
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 475-476
  3. Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “klagi”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “garh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  5. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*garz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
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