< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/adᶻdʰáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; perhaps from either Proto-Indo-European:

  • *Hedʰ-téh₂-h₁ (“said, announced”), from instrumental of *Hedʰ-téh₂, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) (whence Sanskrit आह (ā́ha, “to say”), Old Avestan 𐬁𐬛𐬁 (ādā, “to say”)) + *-téh₂;[1][2]
  • *Hedʰ-dh₁-éh₁, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) +‎ *deh₁- (“to bind”) +‎ *-téh₂;[1]
  • *m̥d-dh₁-éh₂, from *med- (“to measure, advise”) +‎ *deh₁- (“to bind”) +‎ *-éh₂;[3][4]
  • or *n̥-h₂n̥dʰ-téh₂ (“unblinded”), from *n̥- (negative prefix) +‎ *h₂endʰ- (“to be blind”) +‎ *-téh₂.[5]

Alternative reconstructions

Adjective

*adᶻdʰáH[7][8][2][5][9][10]

  1. known, true

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *addʰáH
  • Proto-Iranian: *azdáH[4][11][12]
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (azdā)
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫅 (ʾzd /⁠azd⁠/)
      • → Old Armenian: ազդ (azd)
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠 (a-z-d-a /⁠azdā⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾzd /⁠azd⁠/)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾzdʾ /⁠azdā⁠/)
      • ⇒ Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾzdʾqryʾ /⁠azdā-karyā⁠/, “announcement”)
    • → Aramaic: [script needed] (ˀzd), [script needed] (ˀzdˀ)[11][12]

References
  1. Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 197
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hedʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 222
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. med-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 45
  4. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*azdā-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 286–287
  5. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “addhā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 64
  6. The template Template:R:ine:HCHIEL does not use the parameter(s): 
    vol=III
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors (2017–2018), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page *azdā-: “1879”
  7. Kent, Roland G. (1950) “azdā”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 33a
  8. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) Einführung ins Altiranische [Introduction to Old Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 8
  9. Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 188
  10. Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 50
  11. Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Azdā”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 411: “411”
  12. Hinz, Walther (1975) “*azdā-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 52
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