< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰwáyati
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwéyeti, metathesized from earlier *ǵʰéw-ye-ti, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call”)[1][2] + *-yeti.
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *ȷ́ʰwáyati
| Infinitive | *ȷ́ʰwáHtum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *ȷ́ʰuHtwáH |
| Past passive participle | *ȷ́ʰuHtás |
| Future passive participle | *ȷ́ʰáwyas |
Present forms of *ȷ́ʰwáyati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHmi | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHwas | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHmas | *ȷ́ʰwáyay | *ȷ́ʰwayáHwadʰHay | *ȷ́ʰwayáHmadʰHay | *ȷ́ʰuHyáy | *ȷ́ʰuHyáHwadʰHay | *ȷ́ʰuHyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ʰwayasi | *ȷ́ʰwayatʰas | *ȷ́ʰwayatʰa | *ȷ́ʰwayasay | *ȷ́ʰwayaytʰay | *ȷ́ʰwayadʰHway | *ȷ́ʰuHyásay | *ȷ́ʰuHyáytʰay | *ȷ́ʰuHyádʰHway | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ʰwáyati | *ȷ́ʰwáyatas | *ȷ́ʰwáyanti | *ȷ́ʰwáyatay | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytay | *ȷ́ʰwáyantay | *ȷ́ʰuHyátay | *ȷ́ʰuHyáytay | *ȷ́ʰuHyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHni | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHwa | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHma | *ȷ́ʰwáyaHy | *ȷ́ʰwayáHwadʰHaHy | *ȷ́ʰwayáHmadʰHaHy | *ȷ́ʰuHyáHy | *ȷ́ʰuHyáHwadʰHaHy | *ȷ́ʰuHyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ʰwáya | *ȷ́ʰwáyatam | *ȷ́ʰwáyata | *ȷ́ʰwáyaswa | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytʰām | *ȷ́ʰwáyadʰHwam | *ȷ́ʰuHyáswa | *ȷ́ʰuHyáytʰām | *ȷ́ʰuHyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ʰwáyatu | *ȷ́ʰwáyatām | *ȷ́ʰwáyantu | *ȷ́ʰwáyatām | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytām | *ȷ́ʰwáyantam | *ȷ́ʰuHyátām | *ȷ́ʰuHyáytām | *ȷ́ʰuHyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ʰwáyayHam | *ȷ́ʰwáyaywa | *ȷ́ʰwáyaymas | *ȷ́ʰwáyayHa | *ȷ́ʰwáyáywadʰHi | *ȷ́ʰwáyáymadʰHi | *ȷ́ʰuHyáyHa | *ȷ́ʰuHyáywadʰHi | *ȷ́ʰuHyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ʰwáyays | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytam | *ȷ́ʰwáyayta | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytʰās | *ȷ́ʰwayáyHātʰām | *ȷ́ʰwáyaydʰHwam | *ȷ́ʰuHyáytʰās | *ȷ́ʰuHyáyHātʰām | *ȷ́ʰuHyáydʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ʰwáyayt | *ȷ́ʰwáyaytām | *ȷ́ʰwáyayHunt | *ȷ́ʰwáyayta | *ȷ́ʰwayáyHātām | *ȷ́ʰwáyayrant | *ȷ́uHyáyta | *ȷ́ʰuHyáyHātām | *ȷ́ʰuHyáyrant | |
| Participles | *ȷ́ʰwáyant | *ȷ́ʰwáyamHnas | *ȷ́ʰuHyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *ȷ́ʰwáyati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *áȷ́ʰwayam | *aȷ́ʰwáyaHwa | *aȷ́ʰwáyaHma | *áȷ́ʰwayay | *aȷ́ʰwayáHwadʰHi | *aȷ́ʰwayáHmadʰHi | *aȷ́ʰuHyáy | *aȷ́ʰuHyáHwadʰHi | *aȷ́ʰuHyáHmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *áȷ́ʰwayas | *aȷ́ʰwáyatam | *aȷ́ʰwáyata | *aȷ́ʰwáyatʰās | *aȷ́ʰwáyaytʰām | *aȷ́ʰwáyadʰHwam | *aȷ́ʰuHyátʰās | *aȷ́ʰuHyáytʰām | *aȷ́ʰuHyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *áȷ́ʰwayat | *aȷ́ʰwáyatām | *áȷ́ʰwayant | *aȷ́ʰwáyata | *aȷ́ʰwáyaytām | *aȷ́ʰwáyanta | *aȷ́ʰuHyáta | *aȷ́ʰuHyáytām | *aȷ́ʰuHyánta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwáyati
- Sanskrit: ह्वयति (hváyati, “to call”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *jwáyati
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zbaiieiti)
References
- Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1), Brill, →ISBN, page 30
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zauH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 472-473
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