Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wréh₂ds

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

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*wréh₂ds f

root

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*wréh₂ds
genitive	*wr̥h₂dés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wréh₂ds	*wréh₂dh₁(e)	*wréh₂des
vocative	*wréh₂d	*wréh₂dh₁(e)	*wréh₂des
accusative	*wréh₂dm̥	*wréh₂dh₁(e)	*wréh₂dm̥s
genitive	*wr̥h₂dés	*?	*wr̥h₂dóHom
ablative	*wr̥h₂dés	*?	*wr̥h₂dmós
dative	*wr̥h₂déy	*?	*wr̥h₂dmós
locative	wréh₂d, wréh₂di	*?	*wr̥h₂dsú
instrumental	*wr̥h₂déh₁	*?	*wr̥h₂dmís

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *wradnjā (< *wr̥h₂dnyo-)
- Albanian: rrënjë
Armenian:
- Middle Armenian: արգատ (argat, “superfluous branches cut off from vine and used for kindling”) (possibly)
Celtic:
- *wradyos < *wr̥h₂dyo-
  - Welsh: gwraidd
  - Cornish: gwreydh
  - Breton: gwriz
- *wridmā < *wr̥d-m-
  - Old Irish: frém
    - Middle Irish: frém, prém
      - Irish: fréamh, préamh
      - Manx: fraue
      - Scottish Gaelic: freumh
  - Middle Welsh: greðyf
    - Welsh: greddf (“instinct”)
- *wridnā < *wr̥d-n-
  - Old Irish: frén
Proto-Germanic: *wirtiz, *wrōts (genitive *wurtiz)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ῥίζα (rhíza) (< *wredih₂-), ῥάδιξ (rhádix) "branch" (< *wreh₂dih₂-)
Indo-Iranian:
- Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (raēša)
    - → Middle Persian: [script needed] (rēšag)
      - Persian: ریشه (rêša)
  - Northern Kurdish: reh (“root”)
  - Zazaki: rêçıke, riçıke (“root”)
Italic: *wrādīks
- Latin: rādīx (see there for further descendants)
Italic: *wradyos
- Latin: radius (see there for further descendants)
Italic: *wrādmos
- Latin: rāmus (see there for further descendants)
Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: witsako (< *wr̥di-k-eh₂, with loss of -r-)

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