< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wósr̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps from *h₁wes-, *h₁ews- (“to become warm; to burn”) +‎ *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix)

Noun

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2=*wésn̥-
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*wósr̥ n[1][2]

  1. spring (season)

Inflection

Older acrostatic pattern:

Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *wósr̥
genitive *wésn̥s
singular dual plural
nominative *wósr̥ — —
vocative *wósr̥ — —
accusative *wósr̥ — —
genitive *wésn̥s — —
ablative *wésn̥s — —
dative *wésney — —
locative *wésn̥, *wésni — —
instrumental *wésn̥h₁ — —

Later proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *wésr̥
genitive *uséns
singular dual plural
nominative *wésr̥ *wésrih₁ *wésr̥h₂
vocative *wésr̥ *wésrih₁ *wésr̥h₂
accusative *wésr̥ *wésrih₁ *wésr̥h₂
genitive *uséns *? *usénoHom
ablative *uséns *? *usénmos
dative *uséney *? *usénmos
locative *usén, *uséni *? *usénsu
instrumental *usénh₁ *? *usénmis

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
  • *wésn-ont-s ~ *usn̥-n̥t-és
    • Proto-Celtic: *wesants[2]
      • Proto-Brythonic: *gwehant
        • ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *gwehantuɨn (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasantás

Descendants
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *was(e)r (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *wesrū
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *wesrakos (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Proto-Celtic: *wesnālā (“swallow (bird)”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wazrą (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhər
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásr̥ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *wezor (see there for further descendants)

See also
Seasons in Proto-Indo-European · [Term?] (layout · text) · category
*wósr̥ (“spring”) *semh₂- (“summer”) *(s)h₁es- (“autumn”) *ǵʰéyōm (“winter”)

References
  1. Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 164: “vor-uridg. *h₂u̯ós-r̥/ Obl. *h₂u̯és-n-/ Lok. *h₂u̯os-én bzw. *h₂u̯os-ér > uridg. *u̯ós-r (lautlich)/ Obi. *h₂u̯és-n- (lautlich) neben *u̯és-n- (analogisch)/ Lok. *u̯os-én bzw. *u̯os-ér (lautlich)”
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wasra- ~ *wazra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575: “PCelt. *wesant-”
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯es-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag: “*u̯esr-”
  4. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 306: “*wesr̥ *wesnes”
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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