< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wáy

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions
  • *uwóy
  • *wóy

Alternative forms
  • *uwáy (based on Anatolian, Indo-Iranian, Slavic forms)

Etymology

Might have been from an earlier *uwáy (“to see oneself”), which has been preserved in Hittite [script needed] (uwai) and Sanskrit उवे (uvé). The form *wáy would then represent a later innovation. But probably of expressive origin.

Interjection

*wáy[1]

  1. oh!
  2. ah!
  3. woe!
  4. alas!

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-Anatolian: *uwáy
    • Hittite: [script needed] (uwai)
  • Albanian: vaj
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wái, *uwái
  • Proto-Celtic: *wai (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wai (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Hellenic: *wái
    • >? Ancient Greek: αἴ (aí), αἶ (aî), οἴ (oí)
    • >? Ancient Greek: οὐαί (ouaí) (possibly)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáy, *uwáy
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *uwáy
      • Sanskrit: उवे (uvé)
      • Kashmiri: وای (wāy)
    • Proto-Iranian: *wáy
      • Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi)
      • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾd /⁠wāy⁠/), 𐫇𐫀𐫏 (wʾy /⁠wāy⁠/)
      • Parthian: 𐫇𐫀𐫏 (wʾy /⁠wāy⁠/)
      • Zazaki: way
      • → Old Armenian: վայ (vay)
  • Proto-Italic: *wai
    • Latin: vae (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1110–1111
  2. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 115–116
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