< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*spey-[1][2]

  1. long, thin, sharp

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-‎ (8 c, 0 e)
  • *spey-neh₂[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *speinā
      • Latin: spīna
      • Umbrian: 𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌉𐌀 (spinia), 𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀 (spina), 𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌉𐌀𐌌𐌀 (spiniama), 𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌛 (spinamař)
  • *spey-k/ḱeh₂
    • Proto-Italic: *speikā
  • *spey-ro-[3]
    • Proto-Germanic: *spīrǭ, *spīrō, *spīraz, *spīriz
      • Proto-West Germanic: *spīrā; *spīri f; *spīru f; *spīr m or n
        • Old English: spīr ? (Gender unknown. Perhaps from *spīr, *spīri, or *spīru)
        • Old Frisian: *spīr
          • Saterland Frisian: Spier, Spíer n
          • West Frisian: spier c or n
        • Old Saxon: spīr f (i-stem)
          • Middle Low German: spîr m or n
        • Old Dutch: *spīr
        • Old High German: spīr (in spīrboum)
          • Middle High German: spīre f; spir (in spirboum); spier n (in grasspier)
            • German: Speier m or f (dialectal)
      • Old Norse: spíra
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Iranian: *spūkah (perhaps)
      • Classical Persian: سپوخ (/⁠sipūx⁠/, “sharp point; arrow; sharp blade”) [4]

Extended form *spey-d-.

  • *spid-yo-
    • Proto-Germanic: *spitjaz; *spitją; *spitjǭ
      • Old High German: spizza, spizzī
  • *spid-us

Extended form *spey-g-.

  • *speyg-o-[2]
    • Proto-Germanic: *spīkaz
      • Old Norse: spíkr
  • *speyg-ros[6]
  • *spoyg-
    • Proto-Germanic: *spaikǭ[7]
      • Old English: spāca
      • Old Frisian:
        • Eastern Frisian: spēke
        • North Frisian: speak
      • Middle Dutch: spake, speke
      • Old Saxon: spēka
      • Old High German: speihha
        • Middle High German: speiche
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: speigleĩs (“thorns”)

Extended form *spey-l-.

  • *speyl-os
    • Proto-Germanic: *spīlaz[8]
      • Old Frisian:
        • Eastern Frisian: spyl
        • North Frisian: spīl
        • West Frisian: spile
      • Middle Low German: spīle
      • Middle Dutch: spīle
      • German: Speil
      • Old Norse:

Extended form *spey-m-.

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “spīna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 580-581
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “spīca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 580
  3. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “spier”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  4. , "سپوخ" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
  5. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “spit”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  6. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “spijker”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  7. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “spaak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  8. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “spijl”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

Further reading
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