Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*spīkrijaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”).

Noun

*spīkraz m

nail, spike

Inflection

Declension of *spīkraz (a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*spīkraz	*spīkrōz, -ōs
Vocative	*spīkr	*spīkrōz, -ōs
Accusative	*spīkrą	*spīkranz
Genitive	*spīkras, -is	*spīkrǫ̂
Dative	*spīkrai	*spīkramaz
Instrumental	*spīkrō	*spīkramiz

Related terms

*spaikō
*spīkaz
*spīkō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī
- Old Frisian: *spīker
  - Saterland Frisian: Spieker
  - West Frisian: spiker
- Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari
  - Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker
    - German Low German: Spieker
    - → Danish: spiger
    - → Norwegian: spiker
    - → Faroese: spíkari
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel
      - German Low German: Spiekernagel
- Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere
  - Middle Dutch: spiker
    - Dutch: spijker
- Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari
  - Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher
    - German: Speicher
    - ⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel
      - German: Speichernagel
Old Norse: spíkr (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)
- Icelandic: spíkur
- Old Swedish: spīker
  - Swedish: spik
- Danish: spig

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