< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kagʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kagʰ-[1][2]

  1. to take, seize

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kagʰ-‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *kágʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
    • Proto-Celtic: *kageti (“to get, receive”)[3]
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Middle Breton: caffout
        • Cornish: kavoes
        • Middle Welsh: cael
  • *kagʰ-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Italic: *kaɣeō[4]
      • Latin: incohō (< *in-kaɣeō) (see there for further descendants)
      • Oscan: kahad (3s.pr.cj.)
      • Umbrian: cehefi (inf.ps.)
  • *kagʰ-yó-m (“enclosure”)[5]
  • *kágʰ-l̥-eh₂ ~ *kagʰ-én-eh₂[5]
    • Proto-Italic: *kaɣela (“small hole”)[6]
      • Latin: caulae (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly[6]) Oscan: kaíla (acc.sg.)
  • *kágʰn̥ ~ *kagʰéns[5]
    • Proto-Germanic: *hagô (“enclosure, pasture”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • *kagʰ-nó-s[5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *kagnā (< *kagʰ-néh₂)
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kaɨn
    • Proto-Germanic: *hagnaz[5]
      • Old High German: hagan (see there for further descendants)
    • (possibly)[7] Proto-Armenian:
  • *kagʰ-ró-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *kagros (“enclosure, fort”)[8]
  • *kagʰ-so
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kagʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 342: “*kágʰ-e-”
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*kagh-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 487
  3. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*kag-o-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 184: “*kagʰ-"”
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cohum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 123-124: “*kaχo-”
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haga(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “*kagʰ-on-”
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “caulae”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 123-124: “*kaχi/elā-”
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “c‘ank/g”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 624
  8. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*kagro-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 184
  9. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 288
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