< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷel-

  1. to turn (end-over-end)
  2. to revolve around, and therefore to sojourn, to dwell

Reconstruction notes

The root is sometimes reconstructed with -h₁- in order to explain some forms in Greek, including:

This reconstruction, however, contradicts some forms in other languages, e.g.:

  • Proto-Italic *kʷl̥-tó-s (past participle) > Latin cultus (not **clātus < **kʷl̥h₁-tós)

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-‎ (37 c, 0 e)
  • *kʷél-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Albanian: *tšela
      • Albanian: sjell
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélō
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čálHati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷelō
      • Latin: colō (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷél-ye-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷéľľō
  • *kʷl-ét ~ *kʷl-ónt (thematic root aorist)
    • Proto-Albanian: *kla ~ *klend[2]
      • Albanian: qe
  • *kʷél-u-s
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷélus
  • *kʷel-u-
    • Proto-Celtic: *kʷolu- (“wheel”)
      • Middle Irish: cul
  • *kʷel-o-m
  • *kʷól-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷólos
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: kele (“navel, belly button”)[3]
  • *kʷl̥H-í-s
  • *kʷé-kʷl-o-s (reduplicated noun)
  • *kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-os
  • *kʷel-es-ye-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷeléyyō
  • *kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-os
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalas
      • Proto-Slavic: *kolo (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷol-so-
    • Proto-Germanic: *halsaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷolsom
      • Latin: collum (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷl̥-tó-s
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷoltos
      • Latin: cultus (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷel-éh₂
  • *kʷel-h₃onh₂-os
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: τῆλε (têle)
      • Ancient Greek: πάλαι (pálai)
      • Ancient Greek: -κόλος (-kólos), -πόλος (-pólos)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
    • Proto-Tocharian: *käl-[4]
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: klutk-
      • (possibly) → Proto-Uralic: *kulke- (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kela-
      • Proto-Slavic: *čeľadь (“household, servants”) (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly) Proto-Slavic: *čelověkъ (“human”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “ku̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386
  2. Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “*kle-nti”
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kele”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 211
  4. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 179-181
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