< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃merǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₃merǵ-[1]

  1. to wipe off, wipe clean

Alternative reconstructions

Reconstruction notes

Securely attested only in Indo-Iranian and Greek. Reconstructions with initial *h₂ are based on the inclusion of Ancient Greek ἀμέργω (amérgō), though it is unclear how to reconcile the different vocalisms.

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃merǵ-‎ (2 c, 0 e)
  • *h₃mérǵ-ti ~ *h₃mr̥ǵ-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmáršti ~ *Hmr̥ȷ́ánti
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hmáršti
        • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (marəzaiti, “to touch”)
  • *h₃mḗrǵ-s-t ~ *h₃mérǵ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHmā́rćšat
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hmā́rṭṣat
        • Sanskrit: अमार्क्षीत् (amārkṣīt, 3sg.aor.act.), अमार्क्षीः (amārkṣīḥ, 2sg.aor.act.), अमार्क्षम् (amārkṣam, 1sg.aor.act.)
  • *h₃mḗrǵ-ti ~ *h₃mérǵ-n̥ti (narten-type athematic root present)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmā́ršti ~ *Hmárȷ́ati
  • *h₃mórǵ-e ~ *h₃mr̥ǵ-ḗr (stative)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *omórga
      • ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *omórgnéumi
  • *h₃morǵ-éye-ti (eye-causative)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmarȷ́áyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hmarȷ́áyati
        • Sanskrit: मर्जयति (marjáyati)
  • *h₃mr̥-né-ǵ-ti ~ *h₃mr̥-n-ǵ-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmr̥nášti ~ *Hmr̥nȷ́ánti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hmr̥náṣṭi ~ *Hmr̥njánti
        • Vedic Sanskrit: मृञ्जत (mṛñjata, 3pl.med.)
  • *h₃mr̥ǵ-(h₁)sé-ti (zero-grade desiderative)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmr̥ćšati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hmr̥ṭṣati
        • Sanskrit: मृक्षति (mṛkṣati, “to rub, smear”)
  • *h₃mr̥ǵ-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hmr̥štás
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • >? Lithuanian: márška (“net for fish”)
    • Proto-Italic: *merga
      • >? Latin: mergae pl (“two-pronged fork”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • >? Sanskrit: मृश् (mṛś, “to touch, stroke”) (or from a different root)

Descendants

References
  1. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*h₃merǵ-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 646
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂merĝ-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 280-281
  3. Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2251: “*h₂merĝ-”
  4. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. merg̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 738
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