मृष्ट

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

मिष्ट (miṣṭa) — Later Sanskrit

Etymology

Merging of two sources:

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hmr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr̥ǵ-tós.
मृश् (mṛś) +‎ -त (-ta), particularly in the sense of "touched"

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mr̩ʂ.ʈɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmr̩ʂ.ʈɐ/

Participle

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) past passive participle (root मृज्)

past passive participle of मृज् (mṛj)
touched, sprinkled, washed, cleansed, polished
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Adjective

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem (root मृज्)

(literal, figurative) pure
smeared, besmeared with [+instrumental]
(figurative) (particularly in the form मिष्ट (miṣṭa)) prepared, dressed, savoury, dainty
sweet, pleasant, agreeable
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मृष्ट (mṛṣṭá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मृष्टः mṛṣṭáḥ	मृष्टौ / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭaú / mṛṣṭā́¹	मृष्टाः / मृष्टासः¹ mṛṣṭā́ḥ / mṛṣṭā́saḥ¹
Vocative	मृष्ट mṛ́ṣṭa	मृष्टौ / मृष्टा¹ mṛ́ṣṭau / mṛ́ṣṭā¹	मृष्टाः / मृष्टासः¹ mṛ́ṣṭāḥ / mṛ́ṣṭāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मृष्टम् mṛṣṭám	मृष्टौ / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭaú / mṛṣṭā́¹	मृष्टान् mṛṣṭā́n
Instrumental	मृष्टेन mṛṣṭéna	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टैः / मृष्टेभिः¹ mṛṣṭaíḥ / mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹
Dative	मृष्टाय mṛṣṭā́ya	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Ablative	मृष्टात् mṛṣṭā́t	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Genitive	मृष्टस्य mṛṣṭásya	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टानाम् mṛṣṭā́nām
Locative	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टेषु mṛṣṭéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मृष्टा (mṛṣṭā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मृष्टा mṛṣṭā́	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टाः mṛṣṭā́ḥ
Vocative	मृष्टे mṛ́ṣṭe	मृष्टे mṛ́ṣṭe	मृष्टाः mṛ́ṣṭāḥ
Accusative	मृष्टाम् mṛṣṭā́m	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टाः mṛṣṭā́ḥ
Instrumental	मृष्टया / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭáyā / mṛṣṭā́¹	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टाभिः mṛṣṭā́bhiḥ
Dative	मृष्टायै mṛṣṭā́yai	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टाभ्यः mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	मृष्टायाः / मृष्टायै² mṛṣṭā́yāḥ / mṛṣṭā́yai²	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टाभ्यः mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	मृष्टायाः / मृष्टायै² mṛṣṭā́yāḥ / mṛṣṭā́yai²	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टानाम् mṛṣṭā́nām
Locative	मृष्टायाम् mṛṣṭā́yām	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टासु mṛṣṭā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मृष्ट (mṛṣṭá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मृष्टम् mṛṣṭám	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭā́ni / mṛṣṭā́¹
Vocative	मृष्ट mṛ́ṣṭa	मृष्टे mṛ́ṣṭe	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛ́ṣṭāni / mṛ́ṣṭā¹
Accusative	मृष्टम् mṛṣṭám	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭā́ni / mṛṣṭā́¹
Instrumental	मृष्टेन mṛṣṭéna	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टैः / मृष्टेभिः¹ mṛṣṭaíḥ / mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹
Dative	मृष्टाय mṛṣṭā́ya	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Ablative	मृष्टात् mṛṣṭā́t	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Genitive	मृष्टस्य mṛṣṭásya	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टानाम् mṛṣṭā́nām
Locative	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टेषु mṛṣṭéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem, n (root मृज्)

pepper

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मृष्ट (mṛṣṭá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मृष्टम् mṛṣṭám	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭā́ni / mṛṣṭā́¹
Vocative	मृष्ट mṛ́ṣṭa	मृष्टे mṛ́ṣṭe	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛ́ṣṭāni / mṛ́ṣṭā¹
Accusative	मृष्टम् mṛṣṭám	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टानि / मृष्टा¹ mṛṣṭā́ni / mṛṣṭā́¹
Instrumental	मृष्टेन mṛṣṭéna	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टैः / मृष्टेभिः¹ mṛṣṭaíḥ / mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹
Dative	मृष्टाय mṛṣṭā́ya	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Ablative	मृष्टात् mṛṣṭā́t	मृष्टाभ्याम् mṛṣṭā́bhyām	मृष्टेभ्यः mṛṣṭébhyaḥ
Genitive	मृष्टस्य mṛṣṭásya	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टानाम् mṛṣṭā́nām
Locative	मृष्टे mṛṣṭé	मृष्टयोः mṛṣṭáyoḥ	मृष्टेषु mṛṣṭéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: maṭṭha (“wiped, polished”)
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (maṭṭha, “wiped, polished”)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मट्ठा (maṭṭhā)
  - Urdu: مٹّھا (maṭṭhā)
- Marathi: माठणे (māṭhṇe)
- With -𑀭- (-ra-) or -𑀮- (-la-):
  - Nepali: मुठार्नु (muṭhārnu)
  - Gujarati: મઠારવું (maṭhārvũ)
  - Marathi: मठारणे (maṭhārṇe)

With unexplained loss of aspiration:

Pali: maṭṭa
Kashmiri: مٹن (miṭun)
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (miṭijjaï, “is wiped out”)
- Punjabi: ਮਿਟਣਾ (miṭṇā)
- Bengali: মিটা (miṭa), মেটা (meṭa)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मिटना (miṭnā)
  - Urdu: مِٹْنا (miṭnā)
- Gujarati: મિટવું (miṭvũ), મટવું (maṭvũ)

The alternative form with -i- < -ṛ- is seen as early as the Mahabharata, specialized with the meaning of "pure, good, (esp.) sweet":

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (miṭṭha, “sweet”)
- Bengali: মিঠা (miṭha)
- Assamese: মিঠা (mitha)
- Odia: ମିଠାଁ (miṭhã)
- Maithili: मीठ (mīṭh) / 𑂧𑂲𑂘 (mīṭh)
- Bhojpuri: मीठ (mīṭh)
- Gujarati: મીઠું (mīṭhũ)
- Punjabi: ਮਿਟ੍ਠਾ (miṭṭhā) / مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मीठा (mīṭhā)
  - Urdu: میٹھا (mīṭhā)
- Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘲𑘙 (mīṭha, “salt”)
  - Marathi: मीठ (mīṭh, “salt”)
- Marathi: मीठा (mīṭhā, “sweet”)
- Saraiki: مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mr̥ṣṭá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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